CBI Publications

Population receptive field (pRF) models fit to fMRI data are used to non-invasively measure retinotopic maps in human visual cortex‚ and these maps are a fundamental component of visual neuroscience experiments. Here‚ we examined the reproducibility of retinotopic maps across two datasets: a newly acquired retinotopy dataset from New York University (NYU) (n = 44) and a public dataset from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) (n = 181). Our goal was to assess the degree to which pRF properties are similar across datasets‚ despite substantial differences in their experimental protocols. The two datasets simultaneously differ in their stimulus apertures‚ participant pool‚ fMRI protocol‚ MRI field strength‚ and preprocessing pipeline. We assessed the cross-dataset reproducibility of the two datasets in terms of the similarity of vertex-wise pRF estimates and in terms of large-scale polar angle asymmetries in cortical magnification. Within V1‚ V2‚ V3‚ and hV4‚ the group-median NYU and HCP vertex-wise polar angle estimates were nearly identical. Both eccentricity and pRF size estimates were also strongly correlated between the two datasets‚ but with a slope different from 1; the eccentricity and pRF size estimates were systematically greater in the NYU data. Next‚ to compare large-scale map properties‚ we quantified two polar angle asymmetries in V1 cortical magnification previously identified in the HCP data. The NYU dataset confirms earlier reports that more cortical surface area represents horizontal than vertical visual field meridian‚ and lower than upper vertical visual field meridian. Together‚ our findings show that the retinotopic properties of V1‚ V2‚ V3‚ and hV4 can be reliably measured across two datasets‚ despite numerous differences in their experimental design. fMRI-derived retinotopic maps are reproducible because they rely on an explicit computational model of the fMRI response. In the case of pRF mapping‚ the model is grounded in physiological evidence of how visual receptive fields are organized‚ allowing one to quantitatively characterize the BOLD signal in terms of stimulus properties (i.e.‚ location and size). The new NYU Retinotopy Dataset will serve as a useful benchmark for testing hypotheses about the organization of visual areas and for comparison to the HCP 7T Retinotopy Dataset.

@article{himmelberg2021cross-dataset, title = {Cross-dataset reproducibility of human retinotopic maps}, volume = {244}, issn = {10538119}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S105381192100882X}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118609}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-11-30}, journal = {NeuroImage}, author = {Himmelberg, Marc M. and Kurzawski, Jan W. and Benson, Noah C. and Pelli, Denis G. and Carrasco, Marisa and Winawer, Jonathan}, month = dec, year = {2021}, pages = {118609}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118609| issn = 10538119| volume = 244| pages = 118609| last1 = Himmelberg| first1 = Marc M.| last2 = Kurzawski| first2 = Jan W.| last3 = Benson| first3 = Noah C.| last4 = Pelli| first4 = Denis G.| last5 = Carrasco| first5 = Marisa| last6 = Winawer| first6 = Jonathan| title = Cross-dataset reproducibility of human retinotopic maps| journal = NeuroImage| accessdate = 2021-11-30| date = 2021-12| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S105381192100882X}}

Simhal, A. K., Filho, J. O. A., Segura, P., Cloud, J., Petkova, E., Gallagher, R., Castellanos, F. X., Colcombe, S., Milham, M. P., & Di Martino, A. (2021). Predicting multiscan MRI outcomes in children with neurodevelopmental conditions following MRI simulator training. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 52, 101009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101009

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pediatric brain imaging holds significant promise for understanding neurodevelopment. However‚ the requirement to remain still inside a noisy‚ enclosed scanner remains a challenge. Verbal or visual descriptions of the process‚ and/or practice in MRI simulators are the norm in preparing children. Yet‚ the factors predictive of successfully obtaining neuroimaging data remain unclear. We examined data from 250 children (6-12 years‚ 197 males) with autism and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Children completed systematic MRI simulator training aimed to habituate to the scanner environment and minimize head motion. An MRI session comprised multiple structural‚ resting-state‚ task and diffusion scans. Of the 201 children passing simulator training and attempting scanning‚ nearly all (94%) successfully completed the first structural scan in the sequence‚ and 88% also completed the following functional scan. The number of successful scans decreased as the sequence progressed. Multivariate analyses revealed that age was the strongest predictor of successful scans in the session‚ with younger children having lower success rates. After age‚ sensorimotor atypicalities contributed most to prediction. Results provide insights on factors to consider in designing pediatric brain imaging protocols.

@article{simhal2021predicting, title = {Predicting multiscan {MRI} outcomes in children with neurodevelopmental conditions following {MRI} simulator training}, volume = {52}, issn = {18789293}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1878929321000992}, doi = {10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101009}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-11-30}, journal = {Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience}, author = {Simhal, Anish K. and Filho, José O.A. and Segura, Patricia and Cloud, Jessica and Petkova, Eva and Gallagher, Richard and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Colcombe, Stan and Milham, Michael P. and Di Martino, Adriana}, month = dec, year = {2021}, pages = {101009}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101009| issn = 18789293| volume = 52| pages = 101009| last1 = Simhal| first1 = Anish K.| last2 = Filho| first2 = José O.A.| last3 = Segura| first3 = Patricia| last4 = Cloud| first4 = Jessica| last5 = Petkova| first5 = Eva| last6 = Gallagher| first6 = Richard| last7 = Castellanos| first7 = F. Xavier| last8 = Colcombe| first8 = Stan| last9 = Milham| first9 = Michael P.| last10 = Di Martino| first10 = Adriana| title = Predicting multiscan MRI outcomes in children with neurodevelopmental conditions following MRI simulator training| journal = Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-11-30| date = 2021-12| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1878929321000992}}

Yang, Y., Qiao, S., Sani, O. G., Sedillo, J. I., Ferrentino, B., Pesaran, B., & Shanechi, M. M. (2021). Modelling and prediction of the dynamic responses of large-scale brain networks during direct electrical stimulation. Nature Biomedical Engineering, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-020-00666-w

ISBN: 2157-846X Publisher: Nature Publishing Group

Nature Biomedical Engineering

Direct electrical stimulation can modulate the activity of brain networks for the treatment of several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders and for restoring lost function. However‚ precise neuromodulation in an individual requires the accurate modelling and prediction of the effects of stimulation on the activity of their large-scale brain networks. Here‚ we report the development of dynamic input–output models that predict multiregional dynamics of brain networks in response to temporally varying patterns of ongoing microstimulation. In experiments with two awake rhesus macaques‚ we show that the activities of brain networks are modulated by changes in both stimulation amplitude and frequency‚ that they exhibit damping and oscillatory response dynamics‚ and that variabilities in prediction accuracy and in estimated response strength across brain regions can be explained by an at-rest functional connectivity measure computed without stimulation. Input–output models of brain dynamics may enable precise neuromodulation for the treatment of disease and facilitate the investigation of the functional organization of large-scale brain networks.

@article{yang2021modelling, title = {Modelling and prediction of the dynamic responses of large-scale brain networks during direct electrical stimulation}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-020-00666-w}, doi = {10.1038/s41551-020-00666-w}, journal = {Nature Biomedical Engineering}, author = {Yang, Yuxiao and Qiao, Shaoyu and Sani, Omid G. and Sedillo, J. Isaac and Ferrentino, Breonna and Pesaran, Bijan and Shanechi, Maryam M.}, year = {2021}, note = {ISBN: 2157-846X Publisher: Nature Publishing Group}, pages = {1--22}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/s41551-020-00666-w| pages = 1–22| last1 = Yang| first1 = Yuxiao| last2 = Qiao| first2 = Shaoyu| last3 = Sani| first3 = Omid G.| last4 = Sedillo| first4 = J. Isaac| last5 = Ferrentino| first5 = Breonna| last6 = Pesaran| first6 = Bijan| last7 = Shanechi| first7 = Maryam M.| title = Modelling and prediction of the dynamic responses of large-scale brain networks during direct electrical stimulation| journal = Nature Biomedical Engineering| date = 2021}}

Himmelberg, M. M., Winawer, J., & Carrasco, M. (2021). Linking individual differences in human V1 to perception around the visual field (p. 2021.10.04.463138). https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.463138v3

A central question in neuroscience is how the organization of cortical maps relates to perception‚ for which human primary visual cortex (V1) is an ideal model system. V1 nonuniformly samples the retinal image‚ with greater cortical magnification (surface area per degree of visual field) at the fovea than periphery‚ and at the horizontal than vertical meridian. Moreover‚ the size and organization of V1 differs greatly across individuals. Here‚ we used fMRI and psychophysics in the same individuals to quantify individual differences in V1 cortical magnification and perceptual contrast sensitivity at the four polar angle meridians. Across individuals‚ the overall size of V1 and localized cortical magnification both positively correlated with contrast sensitivity. Moreover‚ increases in cortical magnification and contrast sensitivity at the horizontal compared to the vertical meridian were strongly correlated. These data reveal a tight link between cortical anatomy and visual perception at the level of individual observer and stimulus location.

@techreport{himmelberg2021linking, title = {Linking individual differences in human {V1} to perception around the visual field}, copyright = {© 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/}, url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.463138v3}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-11-30}, author = {Himmelberg, Marc M. and Winawer, Jonathan and Carrasco, Marisa}, month = nov, year = {2021}, pages = {2021.10.04.463138}, }

{{Cite conference| pages = 2021–10.04.463138| last1 = Himmelberg| first1 = Marc M.| last2 = Winawer| first2 = Jonathan| last3 = Carrasco| first3 = Marisa| title = Linking individual differences in human V1 to perception around the visual field| accessdate = 2021-11-30| date = 2021-11-19| url = https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.463138v3}}

Li, H.-H., Sprague, T. C., Yoo, A. H., Ma, W. J., & Curtis, C. E. (2021). Joint representation of working memory and uncertainty in human cortex. Neuron, 109(22), 3699-3712.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.022

Neuron

Neural representations of visual working memory (VWM) are noisy‚ and thus‚ decisions based on VWM are inevitably subject to uncertainty. However‚ the mechanisms by which the brain simultaneously represents the content and uncertainty of memory remain largely unknown. Here‚ inspired by the theory of probabilistic population codes‚ we test the hypothesis that the human brain represents an item maintained in VWM as a probability distribution over stimulus feature space‚ thereby capturing both its content and uncertainty. We used a neural generative model to decode probability distributions over memorized locations from fMRI activation patterns. We found that the mean of the probability distribution decoded from retinotopic cortical areas predicted memory reports on a trial-by-trial basis. Moreover‚ in several of the same mid-dorsal stream areas‚ the spread of the distribution predicted subjective trial-by-trial uncertainty judgments. These results provide evidence that VWM content and uncertainty are jointly represented by probabilistic neural codes.

@article{li2021joint, title = {Joint representation of working memory and uncertainty in human cortex}, volume = {109}, issn = {08966273}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S089662732100619X}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.022}, language = {en}, number = {22}, urldate = {2021-12-01}, journal = {Neuron}, author = {Li, Hsin-Hung and Sprague, Thomas C. and Yoo, Aspen H. and Ma, Wei Ji and Curtis, Clayton E.}, month = nov, year = {2021}, pages = {3699--3712.e6}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.022| issn = 08966273| volume = 109| issue = 22| pages = 3699–3712.e6| last1 = Li| first1 = Hsin-Hung| last2 = Sprague| first2 = Thomas C.| last3 = Yoo| first3 = Aspen H.| last4 = Ma| first4 = Wei Ji| last5 = Curtis| first5 = Clayton E.| title = Joint representation of working memory and uncertainty in human cortex| journal = Neuron| accessdate = 2021-12-01| date = 2021-11| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S089662732100619X}}

Lin, Y.-J., Shukla, L., Dugué, L., Valero-Cabré, A., & Carrasco, M. (2021). Transcranial magnetic stimulation entrains alpha oscillatory activity in occipital cortex. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 18562. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96849-9

Scientific Reports

Sci Rep

Parieto-occipital alpha rhythms (8–12 Hz) underlie cortical excitability and influence visual performance. Whether the synchrony of intrinsic alpha rhythms in the occipital cortex can be entrained by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an open question. We applied 4-pulse‚ 10-Hz rhythmic TMS to entrain intrinsic alpha oscillators targeting right V1/V2‚ and tested four predictions with concurrent electroencephalogram (EEG): (1) progressive enhancement of entrainment across time windows‚ (2) output frequency specificity‚ (3) dependence on the intrinsic oscillation phase‚ and (4) input frequency specificity to individual alpha frequency (IAF) in the neural signatures. Two control conditions with an equal number of pulses and duration were arrhythmic-active and rhythmic-sham stimulation. The results confirmed the first three predictions. Rhythmic TMS bursts significantly entrained local neural activity. Near the stimulation site‚ evoked oscillation amplitude and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) were increased for 2 and 3 cycles‚ respectively‚ after the last TMS pulse. Critically‚ ITPC following entrainment positively correlated with IAF rather than with the degree of similarity between IAF and the input frequency (10 Hz). Thus‚ we entrained alpha-band activity in occipital cortex for \textasciitilde 3 cycles (\textasciitilde 300 ms)‚ and IAF predicts the strength of entrained occipital alpha phase synchrony indexed by ITPC.

@article{lin2021transcranial, title = {Transcranial magnetic stimulation entrains alpha oscillatory activity in occipital cortex}, volume = {11}, copyright = {2021 The Author(s)}, issn = {2045-2322}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-96849-9}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-96849-9}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2021-11-30}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, author = {Lin, Yong-Jun and Shukla, Lavanya and Dugué, Laura and Valero-Cabré, Antoni and Carrasco, Marisa}, month = sep, year = {2021}, keywords = {Cognitive neuroscience, Neuroscience, Perception, Striate cortex, Visual system}, pages = {18562}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/s41598-021-96849-9| issn = 2045-2322| volume = 11| issue = 1| pages = 18562| last1 = Lin| first1 = Yong-Jun| last2 = Shukla| first2 = Lavanya| last3 = Dugué| first3 = Laura| last4 = Valero-Cabré| first4 = Antoni| last5 = Carrasco| first5 = Marisa| title = Transcranial magnetic stimulation entrains alpha oscillatory activity in occipital cortex| journal = Scientific Reports| accessdate = 2021-11-30| date = 2021-09-17| url = https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-96849-9}}

Cohen, A. O., Glover, M. M., Shen, X., Phaneuf, C. V., Avallone, K. N., Davachi, L., & Hartley, C. A. (2021). Reward enhances memory via age-varying online and offline neural mechanisms across development (p. 2021.09.14.460286). https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.14.460286v1

Reward motivation enhances memory through interactions between mesolimbic‚ hippocampal‚ and cortical systems — both during and after encoding. Developmental changes in these distributed neural circuits may lead to age-related differences in reward-motivated memory and the underlying neural mechanisms. Converging evidence from cross-species studies suggests that subcortical dopamine signaling is increased during adolescence‚ which may lead to stronger memory representations of rewarding‚ relative to mundane‚ events and changes in the contributions of underlying subcortical and cortical brain mechanisms across age. Here‚ we used fMRI to examine how reward motivation influences the “online” encoding and “offline” post-encoding brain mechanisms that support long-term associative memory from childhood to adulthood. We found that reward motivation led to both age-invariant as well as adolescent-specific enhancements in associative memory after 24 hours. Furthermore‚ reward-related memory benefits were linked to age-varying neural mechanisms. During encoding‚ interactions between the prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area (VTA) were associated with better high-reward memory to a greater degree with increasing age. Pre-to post-encoding changes in functional connectivity between the anterior hippocampus and VTA were also associated with better high-reward memory‚ but more so at younger ages. Our findings suggest that there may be developmental shifts — from offline subcortical to online cortical processes — in the brain mechanisms supporting reward-motivated memory.

@techreport{cohen2021reward, title = {Reward enhances memory via age-varying online and offline neural mechanisms across development}, copyright = {© 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/}, url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.14.460286v1}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-11-30}, author = {Cohen, Alexandra O. and Glover, Morgan M. and Shen, Xinxu and Phaneuf, Camille V. and Avallone, Kristen N. and Davachi, Lila and Hartley, Catherine A.}, month = sep, year = {2021}, pages = {2021.09.14.460286}, }

{{Cite conference| pages = 2021–09.14.460286| last1 = Cohen| first1 = Alexandra O.| last2 = Glover| first2 = Morgan M.| last3 = Shen| first3 = Xinxu| last4 = Phaneuf| first4 = Camille V.| last5 = Avallone| first5 = Kristen N.| last6 = Davachi| first6 = Lila| last7 = Hartley| first7 = Catherine A.| title = Reward enhances memory via age-varying online and offline neural mechanisms across development| accessdate = 2021-11-30| date = 2021-09-16| url = https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.14.460286v1}}

Benson, N. C., Kupers, E. R., Barbot, A., Carrasco, M., & Winawer, J. (2021). Cortical magnification in human visual cortex parallels task performance around the visual field. ELife, 10, e67685. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.67685

eLife

Human vision has striking radial asymmetries‚ with performance on many tasks varying sharply with stimulus polar angle. Performance is generally better on the horizontal than vertical meridian‚ and on the lower than upper vertical meridian‚ and these asymmetries decrease gradually with deviation from the vertical meridian. Here‚ we report cortical magnification at a fine angular resolution around the visual field. This precision enables comparisons between cortical magnification and behavior‚ between cortical magnification and retinal cell densities‚ and between cortical magnification in twin pairs. We show that cortical magnification in the human primary visual cortex‚ measured in 163 subjects‚ varies substantially around the visual field‚ with a pattern similar to behavior. These radial asymmetries in the cortex are larger than those found in the retina‚ and they are correlated between monozygotic twin pairs. These findings indicate a tight link between cortical topography and behavior‚ and suggest that visual field asymmetries are partly heritable.

@article{benson2021cortical, title = {Cortical magnification in human visual cortex parallels task performance around the visual field}, volume = {10}, issn = {2050-084X}, url = {https://elifesciences.org/articles/67685}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.67685}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-11-30}, journal = {eLife}, author = {Benson, Noah C and Kupers, Eline R and Barbot, Antoine and Carrasco, Marisa and Winawer, Jonathan}, month = aug, year = {2021}, pages = {e67685}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.7554/eLife.67685| issn = 2050-084X| volume = 10| pages = –67685| last1 = Benson| first1 = Noah C| last2 = Kupers| first2 = Eline R| last3 = Barbot| first3 = Antoine| last4 = Carrasco| first4 = Marisa| last5 = Winawer| first5 = Jonathan| title = Cortical magnification in human visual cortex parallels task performance around the visual field| journal = eLife| accessdate = 2021-11-30| date = 2021-08-03| url = https://elifesciences.org/articles/67685}}

Curtis, C. E., & Sprague, T. C. (2021). Persistent Activity During Working Memory From Front to Back. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 15, 696060. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.696060

Frontiers in Neural Circuits

Front. Neural Circuits

Working memory (WM) extends the duration over which information is available for processing. Given its importance in supporting a wide-array of high level cognitive abilities‚ uncovering the neural mechanisms that underlie WM has been a primary goal of neuroscience research over the past century. Here‚ we critically review what we consider the two major “arcs” of inquiry‚ with a specific focus on findings that were theoretically transformative. For the first arc‚ we briefly review classic studies that led to the canonical WM theory that cast the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a central player utilizing persistent activity of neurons as a mechanism for memory storage. We then consider recent challenges to the theory regarding the role of persistent neural activity. The second arc‚ which evolved over the last decade‚ stemmed from sophisticated computational neuroimaging approaches enabling researchers to decode the contents of WM from the patterns of neural activity in many parts of the brain including early visual cortex. We summarize key findings from these studies‚ their implications for WM theory‚ and finally the challenges these findings pose. Our goal in doing so is to identify barriers to developing a comprehensive theory of WM that will require a unification of these two “arcs” of research.

@article{curtis2021persistent, title = {Persistent {Activity} {During} {Working} {Memory} {From} {Front} to {Back}}, volume = {15}, issn = {1662-5110}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2021.696060/full}, doi = {10.3389/fncir.2021.696060}, urldate = {2021-12-01}, journal = {Frontiers in Neural Circuits}, author = {Curtis, Clayton E. and Sprague, Thomas C.}, month = jul, year = {2021}, pages = {696060}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.3389/fncir.2021.696060| issn = 1662-5110| volume = 15| pages = 696060| last1 = Curtis| first1 = Clayton E.| last2 = Sprague| first2 = Thomas C.| title = Persistent Activity During Working Memory From Front to Back| journal = Frontiers in Neural Circuits| accessdate = 2021-12-01| date = 2021-07-21| url = https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2021.696060/full}}

Postema, M. C., Hoogman, M., Ambrosino, S., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Bandeira, C. E., Baranov, A., Bau, C. H. D., Baumeister, S., Baur‐Streubel, R., Bellgrove, M. A., Biederman, J., Bralten, J., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Buitelaar, J. K., Busatto, G. F., Castellanos, F. X., Cercignani, M., … Francks, C. (2021). Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, jcpp.13396. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13396

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

J Child Psychol Psychiatr

Objective: Some studies have suggested alterations of structural brain asymmetry in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‚ but findings have been contradictory and based on small samples. Here‚ we performed the largest ever analysis of brain left-right asymmetry in ADHD‚ using 39 datasets of the ENIGMA consortium. Methods: We analyzed asymmetry of subcortical and cerebral cortical structures in up to 1‚933 people with ADHD and 1‚829 unaffected controls. Asymmetry Indexes (AIs) were calculated per participant for each bilaterally paired measure‚ and linear mixed effects modeling was applied separately in children‚ adolescents‚ adults‚ and the total sample‚ to test exhaustively for potential associations of ADHD with structural brain asymmetries. Results: There was no evidence for altered caudate nucleus asymmetry in ADHD‚ in contrast to prior literature. In children‚ there was less rightward asymmetry of the total hemispheric surface area compared to controls (t = 2.1‚ p = .04). Lower rightward asymmetry of medial orbitofrontal cortex surface area in ADHD (t = 2.7‚ p = .01) was similar to a recent finding for autism spectrum disorder. There were also some differences in cortical thickness asymmetry across age groups. In adults with ADHD‚ globus pallidus asymmetry was altered compared to those without ADHD. However‚ all effects were small (Cohen’s d from -0.18 to 0.18) and would not survive study-wide correction for multiple testing. Conclusion: Prior studies of altered structural brain asymmetry in ADHD were likely underpowered to detect the small effects reported here. Altered structural asymmetry is unlikely to provide a useful biomarker for ADHD‚ but may provide neurobiological insights into the trait.

@article{postema2021analysis, title = {Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets}, issn = {0021-9630, 1469-7610}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.13396}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13396}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-05-05}, journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry}, author = {Postema, Merel C. and Hoogman, Martine and Ambrosino, Sara and Asherson, Philip and Banaschewski, Tobias and Bandeira, Cibele E. and Baranov, Alexandr and Bau, Claiton H.D. and Baumeister, Sarah and Baur‐Streubel, Ramona and Bellgrove, Mark A. and Biederman, Joseph and Bralten, Janita and Brandeis, Daniel and Brem, Silvia and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Busatto, Geraldo F. and Castellanos, Francisco X. and Cercignani, Mara and Chaim‐Avancini, Tiffany M. and Chantiluke, Kaylita C. and Christakou, Anastasia and Coghill, David and Conzelmann, Annette and Cubillo, Ana I. and Cupertino, Renata B. and Zeeuw, Patrick and Doyle, Alysa E. and Durston, Sarah and Earl, Eric A. and Epstein, Jeffery N. and Ethofer, Thomas and Fair, Damien A. and Fallgatter, Andreas J. and Faraone, Stephen V. and Frodl, Thomas and Gabel, Matt C. and Gogberashvili, Tinatin and Grevet, Eugenio H. and Haavik, Jan and Harrison, Neil A. and Hartman, Catharina A. and Heslenfeld, Dirk J. and Hoekstra, Pieter J. and Hohmann, Sarah and Høvik, Marie F. and Jernigan, Terry L. and Kardatzki, Bernd and Karkashadze, Georgii and Kelly, Clare and Kohls, Gregor and Konrad, Kerstin and Kuntsi, Jonna and Lazaro, Luisa and Lera‐Miguel, Sara and Lesch, Klaus‐Peter and Louza, Mario R. and Lundervold, Astri J. and Malpas, Charles B and Mattos, Paulo and McCarthy, Hazel and Namazova‐Baranova, Leyla and Nicolau, Rosa and Nigg, Joel T. and Novotny, Stephanie E. and Oberwelland Weiss, Eileen and O'Gorman Tuura, Ruth L. and Oosterlaan, Jaap and Oranje, Bob and Paloyelis, Yannis and Pauli, Paul and Picon, Felipe A. and Plessen, Kerstin J. and Ramos‐Quiroga, J. Antoni and Reif, Andreas and Reneman, Liesbeth and Rosa, Pedro G.P. and Rubia, Katya and Schrantee, Anouk and Schweren, Lizanne J.S. and Seitz, Jochen and Shaw, Philip and Silk, Tim J. and Skokauskas, Norbert and Soliva Vila, Juan C. and Stevens, Michael C. and Sudre, Gustavo and Tamm, Leanne and Tovar‐Moll, Fernanda and Erp, Theo G.M. and Vance, Alasdair and Vilarroya, Oscar and Vives‐Gilabert, Yolanda and Polier, Georg G. and Walitza, Susanne and Yoncheva, Yuliya N. and Zanetti, Marcus V. and Ziegler, Georg C. and Glahn, David C. and Jahanshad, Neda and Medland, Sarah E. and {ENIGMA ADHD Working Group} and Thompson, Paul M. and Fisher, Simon E. and Franke, Barbara and Francks, Clyde}, month = mar, year = {2021}, pages = {jcpp.13396}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/jcpp.13396| issn = 0021-9630, 1469-7610| pages = –13396| last1 = Postema| first1 = Merel C.| last2 = Hoogman| first2 = Martine| last3 = Ambrosino| first3 = Sara| last4 = Asherson| first4 = Philip| last5 = Banaschewski| first5 = Tobias| last6 = Bandeira| first6 = Cibele E.| last7 = Baranov| first7 = Alexandr| last8 = Bau| first8 = Claiton H.D.| last9 = Baumeister| first9 = Sarah| last10 = Baur‐Streubel| first10 = Ramona| last11 = Bellgrove| first11 = Mark A.| last12 = Biederman| first12 = Joseph| last13 = Bralten| first13 = Janita| last14 = Brandeis| first14 = Daniel| last15 = Brem| first15 = Silvia| last16 = Buitelaar| first16 = Jan K.| last17 = Busatto| first17 = Geraldo F.| last18 = Castellanos| first18 = Francisco X.| last19 = Cercignani| first19 = Mara| last20 = Chaim‐Avancini| first20 = Tiffany M.| last21 = Chantiluke| first21 = Kaylita C.| last22 = Christakou| first22 = Anastasia| last23 = Coghill| first23 = David| last24 = Conzelmann| first24 = Annette| last25 = Cubillo| first25 = Ana I.| last26 = Cupertino| first26 = Renata B.| last27 = Zeeuw| first27 = Patrick| last28 = Doyle| first28 = Alysa E.| last29 = Durston| first29 = Sarah| last30 = Earl| first30 = Eric A.| last31 = Epstein| first31 = Jeffery N.| last32 = Ethofer| first32 = Thomas| last33 = Fair| first33 = Damien A.| last34 = Fallgatter| first34 = Andreas J.| last35 = Faraone| first35 = Stephen V.| last36 = Frodl| first36 = Thomas| last37 = Gabel| first37 = Matt C.| last38 = Gogberashvili| first38 = Tinatin| last39 = Grevet| first39 = Eugenio H.| last40 = Haavik| first40 = Jan| last41 = Harrison| first41 = Neil A.| last42 = Hartman| first42 = Catharina A.| last43 = Heslenfeld| first43 = Dirk J.| last44 = Hoekstra| first44 = Pieter J.| last45 = Hohmann| first45 = Sarah| last46 = Høvik| first46 = Marie F.| last47 = Jernigan| first47 = Terry L.| last48 = Kardatzki| first48 = Bernd| last49 = Karkashadze| first49 = Georgii| last50 = Kelly| first50 = Clare| last51 = Kohls| first51 = Gregor| last52 = Konrad| first52 = Kerstin| last53 = Kuntsi| first53 = Jonna| last54 = Lazaro| first54 = Luisa| last55 = Lera‐Miguel| first55 = Sara| last56 = Lesch| first56 = Klaus‐Peter| last57 = Louza| first57 = Mario R.| last58 = Lundervold| first58 = Astri J.| last59 = Malpas| first59 = Charles B| last60 = Mattos| first60 = Paulo| last61 = McCarthy| first61 = Hazel| last62 = Namazova‐Baranova| first62 = Leyla| last63 = Nicolau| first63 = Rosa| last64 = Nigg| first64 = Joel T.| last65 = Novotny| first65 = Stephanie E.| last66 = Oberwelland Weiss| first66 = Eileen| last67 = O'Gorman Tuura| first67 = Ruth L.| last68 = Oosterlaan| first68 = Jaap| last69 = Oranje| first69 = Bob| last70 = Paloyelis| first70 = Yannis| last71 = Pauli| first71 = Paul| last72 = Picon| first72 = Felipe A.| last73 = Plessen| first73 = Kerstin J.| last74 = Ramos‐Quiroga| first74 = J. Antoni| last75 = Reif| first75 = Andreas| last76 = Reneman| first76 = Liesbeth| last77 = Rosa| first77 = Pedro G.P.| last78 = Rubia| first78 = Katya| last79 = Schrantee| first79 = Anouk| last80 = Schweren| first80 = Lizanne J.S.| last81 = Seitz| first81 = Jochen| last82 = Shaw| first82 = Philip| last83 = Silk| first83 = Tim J.| last84 = Skokauskas| first84 = Norbert| last85 = Soliva Vila| first85 = Juan C.| last86 = Stevens| first86 = Michael C.| last87 = Sudre| first87 = Gustavo| last88 = Tamm| first88 = Leanne| last89 = Tovar‐Moll| first89 = Fernanda| last90 = Erp| first90 = Theo G.M.| last91 = Vance| first91 = Alasdair| last92 = Vilarroya| first92 = Oscar| last93 = Vives‐Gilabert| first93 = Yolanda| last94 = Polier| first94 = Georg G.| last95 = Walitza| first95 = Susanne| last96 = Yoncheva| first96 = Yuliya N.| last97 = Zanetti| first97 = Marcus V.| last98 = Ziegler| first98 = Georg C.| last99 = Glahn| first99 = David C.| last100 = Jahanshad| first100 = Neda| last101 = Medland| first101 = Sarah E.| last102 = ENIGMA ADHD Working Group| last103 = Thompson| first103 = Paul M.| last104 = Fisher| first104 = Simon E.| last105 = Franke| first105 = Barbara| last106 = Francks| first106 = Clyde| title = Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets| journal = Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-05-05| date = 2021-03-22| url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.13396}}

Arfuso, M., Salas, R., Castellanos, F. X., & Krain Roy, A. (2021). Evidence of Altered Habenular Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Pediatric ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 25(5), 749–757. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054719843177

Journal of Attention Disorders

J Atten Disord

Objective: The habenula is a small region in the epithalamus that contributes to the regulation of midbrain dopaminergic circuits implicated in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This investigation aims to evaluate the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the habenula in children with ADHD. Method: A total of 112 children (5-9 years; 75 ADHD‚ 37 healthy comparisons) completed anatomical and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Habenula regions of interest (ROIs) were identified individually on normalized T1-weighted anatomical images. Seed-based iFC analyses and group comparisons were conducted for habenula ROIs‚ as well as thalamic ROIs to test the specificity of habenula findings. Results: Children with ADHD exhibited reduced habenula–putamen iFC compared with healthy comparisons. Group differences in thalamic iFC showed no overlap with habenular findings. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that habenula–putamen iFC may be disrupted in children with ADHD. Further work is needed to confirm and elucidate the role of this circuit in ADHD pathophysiology.

@article{arfuso2021evidence, title = {Evidence of {Altered} {Habenular} {Intrinsic} {Functional} {Connectivity} in {Pediatric} {ADHD}}, volume = {25}, issn = {1087-0547, 1557-1246}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1087054719843177}, doi = {10.1177/1087054719843177}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2021-05-05}, journal = {Journal of Attention Disorders}, author = {Arfuso, Melissa and Salas, Ramiro and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Krain Roy, Amy}, month = mar, year = {2021}, pages = {749--757}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1177/1087054719843177| issn = 1087-0547, 1557-1246| volume = 25| issue = 5| pages = 749–757| last1 = Arfuso| first1 = Melissa| last2 = Salas| first2 = Ramiro| last3 = Castellanos| first3 = F. Xavier| last4 = Krain Roy| first4 = Amy| title = Evidence of Altered Habenular Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Pediatric ADHD| journal = Journal of Attention Disorders| accessdate = 2021-05-05| date = 2021-03| url = http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1087054719843177}}

Frangou, S., Modabbernia, A., Williams, S. C. R., Papachristou, E., Doucet, G. E., Agartz, I., Aghajani, M., Akudjedu, T. N., Albajes‐Eizagirre, A., Alnæs, D., Alpert, K. I., Andersson, M., Andreasen, N. C., Andreassen, O. A., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Bargallo, N., Baumeister, S., Baur‐Streubel, R., … Dima, D. (2021). Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years. Human Brain Mapping, hbm.25364. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25364

Human Brain Mapping

Hum Brain Mapp

Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response‚ we used cross-sectional data from 17‚075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness‚ and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda‚ Mu‚ and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions‚ their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal‚ temporopolar‚ and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.

@article{frangou2021cortical, title = {Cortical thickness across the lifespan: {Data} from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years}, issn = {1065-9471, 1097-0193}, shorttitle = {Cortical thickness across the lifespan}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hbm.25364}, doi = {10.1002/hbm.25364}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-05-05}, journal = {Human Brain Mapping}, author = {Frangou, Sophia and Modabbernia, Amirhossein and Williams, Steven C. R. and Papachristou, Efstathios and Doucet, Gaelle E. and Agartz, Ingrid and Aghajani, Moji and Akudjedu, Theophilus N. and Albajes‐Eizagirre, Anton and Alnæs, Dag and Alpert, Kathryn I. and Andersson, Micael and Andreasen, Nancy C. and Andreassen, Ole A. and Asherson, Philip and Banaschewski, Tobias and Bargallo, Nuria and Baumeister, Sarah and Baur‐Streubel, Ramona and Bertolino, Alessandro and Bonvino, Aurora and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Borgwardt, Stefan and Bourque, Josiane and Brandeis, Daniel and Breier, Alan and Brodaty, Henry and Brouwer, Rachel M. and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Busatto, Geraldo F. and Buckner, Randy L. and Calhoun, Vincent and Canales‐Rodríguez, Erick J. and Cannon, Dara M. and Caseras, Xavier and Castellanos, Francisco X. and Cervenka, Simon and Chaim‐Avancini, Tiffany M. and Ching, Christopher R. K. and Chubar, Victoria and Clark, Vincent P. and Conrod, Patricia and Conzelmann, Annette and Crespo‐Facorro, Benedicto and Crivello, Fabrice and Crone, Eveline A. and Dale, Anders M. and Dannlowski, Udo and Davey, Christopher and Geus, Eco J. C. and Haan, Lieuwe and Zubicaray, Greig I. and Braber, Anouk and Dickie, Erin W. and Di Giorgio, Annabella and Doan, Nhat Trung and Dørum, Erlend S. and Ehrlich, Stefan and Erk, Susanne and Espeseth, Thomas and Fatouros‐Bergman, Helena and Fisher, Simon E. and Fouche, Jean‐Paul and Franke, Barbara and Frodl, Thomas and Fuentes‐Claramonte, Paola and Glahn, David C. and Gotlib, Ian H. and Grabe, Hans‐Jörgen and Grimm, Oliver and Groenewold, Nynke A. and Grotegerd, Dominik and Gruber, Oliver and Gruner, Patricia and Gur, Rachel E. and Gur, Ruben C. and Hahn, Tim and Harrison, Ben J. and Hartman, Catharine A. and Hatton, Sean N. and Heinz, Andreas and Heslenfeld, Dirk J. and Hibar, Derrek P. and Hickie, Ian B. and Ho, Beng‐Choon and Hoekstra, Pieter J. and Hohmann, Sarah and Holmes, Avram J. and Hoogman, Martine and Hosten, Norbert and Howells, Fleur M. and Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E. and Huyser, Chaim and Jahanshad, Neda and James, Anthony and Jernigan, Terry L. and Jiang, Jiyang and Jönsson, Erik G. and Joska, John A. and Kahn, Rene and Kalnin, Andrew and Kanai, Ryota and Klein, Marieke and Klyushnik, Tatyana P. and Koenders, Laura and Koops, Sanne and Krämer, Bernd and Kuntsi, Jonna and Lagopoulos, Jim and Lázaro, Luisa and Lebedeva, Irina and Lee, Won Hee and Lesch, Klaus‐Peter and Lochner, Christine and Machielsen, Marise W. J. and Maingault, Sophie and Martin, Nicholas G. and Martínez‐Zalacaín, Ignacio and Mataix‐Cols, David and Mazoyer, Bernard and McDonald, Colm and McDonald, Brenna C. and McIntosh, Andrew M. and McMahon, Katie L. and McPhilemy, Genevieve and Meinert, Susanne and Menchón, José M. and Medland, Sarah E. and Meyer‐Lindenberg, Andreas and Naaijen, Jilly and Najt, Pablo and Nakao, Tomohiro and Nordvik, Jan E. and Nyberg, Lars and Oosterlaan, Jaap and Foz, Víctor Ortiz‐García and Paloyelis, Yannis and Pauli, Paul and Pergola, Giulio and Pomarol‐Clotet, Edith and Portella, Maria J. and Potkin, Steven G. and Radua, Joaquim and Reif, Andreas and Rinker, Daniel A. and Roffman, Joshua L. and Rosa, Pedro G. P. and Sacchet, Matthew D. and Sachdev, Perminder S. and Salvador, Raymond and Sánchez‐Juan, Pascual and Sarró, Salvador and Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Saykin, Andrew J. and Serpa, Mauricio H. and Schmaal, Lianne and Schnell, Knut and Schumann, Gunter and Sim, Kang and Smoller, Jordan W. and Sommer, Iris and Soriano‐Mas, Carles and Stein, Dan J. and Strike, Lachlan T. and Swagerman, Suzanne C. and Tamnes, Christian K. and Temmingh, Henk S. and Thomopoulos, Sophia I. and Tomyshev, Alexander S. and Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez, Diana and Trollor, Julian N. and Turner, Jessica A. and Uhlmann, Anne and Heuvel, Odile A. and Meer, Dennis and Wee, Nic J. A. and Haren, Neeltje E. M. and Ent, Dennis and Erp, Theo G. M. and Veer, Ilya M. and Veltman, Dick J. and Voineskos, Aristotle and Völzke, Henry and Walter, Henrik and Walton, Esther and Wang, Lei and Wang, Yang and Wassink, Thomas H. and Weber, Bernd and Wen, Wei and West, John D. and Westlye, Lars T. and Whalley, Heather and Wierenga, Lara M. and Wittfeld, Katharina and Wolf, Daniel H. and Worker, Amanda and Wright, Margaret J. and Yang, Kun and Yoncheva, Yulyia and Zanetti, Marcus V. and Ziegler, Georg C. and {Karolinska Schizophrenia Project (KaSP)} and Thompson, Paul M. and Dima, Danai}, month = feb, year = {2021}, pages = {hbm.25364}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1002/hbm.25364| issn = 1065-9471, 1097-0193| pages = –25364| last1 = Frangou| first1 = Sophia| last2 = Modabbernia| first2 = Amirhossein| last3 = Williams| first3 = Steven C. R.| last4 = Papachristou| first4 = Efstathios| last5 = Doucet| first5 = Gaelle E.| last6 = Agartz| first6 = Ingrid| last7 = Aghajani| first7 = Moji| last8 = Akudjedu| first8 = Theophilus N.| last9 = Albajes‐Eizagirre| first9 = Anton| last10 = Alnæs| first10 = Dag| last11 = Alpert| first11 = Kathryn I.| last12 = Andersson| first12 = Micael| last13 = Andreasen| first13 = Nancy C.| last14 = Andreassen| first14 = Ole A.| last15 = Asherson| first15 = Philip| last16 = Banaschewski| first16 = Tobias| last17 = Bargallo| first17 = Nuria| last18 = Baumeister| first18 = Sarah| last19 = Baur‐Streubel| first19 = Ramona| last20 = Bertolino| first20 = Alessandro| last21 = Bonvino| first21 = Aurora| last22 = Boomsma| first22 = Dorret I.| last23 = Borgwardt| first23 = Stefan| last24 = Bourque| first24 = Josiane| last25 = Brandeis| first25 = Daniel| last26 = Breier| first26 = Alan| last27 = Brodaty| first27 = Henry| last28 = Brouwer| first28 = Rachel M.| last29 = Buitelaar| first29 = Jan K.| last30 = Busatto| first30 = Geraldo F.| last31 = Buckner| first31 = Randy L.| last32 = Calhoun| first32 = Vincent| last33 = Canales‐Rodríguez| first33 = Erick J.| last34 = Cannon| first34 = Dara M.| last35 = Caseras| first35 = Xavier| last36 = Castellanos| first36 = Francisco X.| last37 = Cervenka| first37 = Simon| last38 = Chaim‐Avancini| first38 = Tiffany M.| last39 = Ching| first39 = Christopher R. K.| last40 = Chubar| first40 = Victoria| last41 = Clark| first41 = Vincent P.| last42 = Conrod| first42 = Patricia| last43 = Conzelmann| first43 = Annette| last44 = Crespo‐Facorro| first44 = Benedicto| last45 = Crivello| first45 = Fabrice| last46 = Crone| first46 = Eveline A.| last47 = Dale| first47 = Anders M.| last48 = Dannlowski| first48 = Udo| last49 = Davey| first49 = Christopher| last50 = Geus| first50 = Eco J. 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P.| last148 = Sacchet| first148 = Matthew D.| last149 = Sachdev| first149 = Perminder S.| last150 = Salvador| first150 = Raymond| last151 = Sánchez‐Juan| first151 = Pascual| last152 = Sarró| first152 = Salvador| last153 = Satterthwaite| first153 = Theodore D.| last154 = Saykin| first154 = Andrew J.| last155 = Serpa| first155 = Mauricio H.| last156 = Schmaal| first156 = Lianne| last157 = Schnell| first157 = Knut| last158 = Schumann| first158 = Gunter| last159 = Sim| first159 = Kang| last160 = Smoller| first160 = Jordan W.| last161 = Sommer| first161 = Iris| last162 = Soriano‐Mas| first162 = Carles| last163 = Stein| first163 = Dan J.| last164 = Strike| first164 = Lachlan T.| last165 = Swagerman| first165 = Suzanne C.| last166 = Tamnes| first166 = Christian K.| last167 = Temmingh| first167 = Henk S.| last168 = Thomopoulos| first168 = Sophia I.| last169 = Tomyshev| first169 = Alexander S.| last170 = Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez| first170 = Diana| last171 = Trollor| first171 = Julian N.| last172 = Turner| first172 = Jessica A.| last173 = Uhlmann| first173 = Anne| last174 = Heuvel| first174 = Odile A.| last175 = Meer| first175 = Dennis| last176 = Wee| first176 = Nic J. A.| last177 = Haren| first177 = Neeltje E. M.| last178 = Ent| first178 = Dennis| last179 = Erp| first179 = Theo G. M.| last180 = Veer| first180 = Ilya M.| last181 = Veltman| first181 = Dick J.| last182 = Voineskos| first182 = Aristotle| last183 = Völzke| first183 = Henry| last184 = Walter| first184 = Henrik| last185 = Walton| first185 = Esther| last186 = Wang| first186 = Lei| last187 = Wang| first187 = Yang| last188 = Wassink| first188 = Thomas H.| last189 = Weber| first189 = Bernd| last190 = Wen| first190 = Wei| last191 = West| first191 = John D.| last192 = Westlye| first192 = Lars T.| last193 = Whalley| first193 = Heather| last194 = Wierenga| first194 = Lara M.| last195 = Wittfeld| first195 = Katharina| last196 = Wolf| first196 = Daniel H.| last197 = Worker| first197 = Amanda| last198 = Wright| first198 = Margaret J.| last199 = Yang| first199 = Kun| last200 = Yoncheva| first200 = Yulyia| last201 = Zanetti| first201 = Marcus V.| last202 = Ziegler| first202 = Georg C.| last203 = Karolinska Schizophrenia Project (KaSP)| last204 = Thompson| first204 = Paul M.| last205 = Dima| first205 = Danai| title = Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years| journal = Human Brain Mapping| accessdate = 2021-05-05| date = 2021-02-17| url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hbm.25364}}

Nussenbaum, K., & Hartley, C. A. (2021). Developmental change in prefrontal cortex recruitment supports the emergence of value-guided memory [Preprint]. Neuroscience. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.13.431073v2.full

Prioritizing memory for valuable information can promote adaptive behavior across the lifespan‚ but it is unclear how the neurocognitive mechanisms that enable the selective acquisition of useful knowledge develop. Here‚ using a novel task coupled with functional magnetic resonance imaging‚ we examined how children‚ adolescents‚ and adults (N = 90) learn from experience what information is likely to be rewarding‚ and modulate encoding and retrieval processes accordingly. We found that the ability to use learned value signals to selectively enhance memory for useful information strengthened throughout childhood and into adolescence. Encoding and retrieval of high-vs. low-value information was associated with increased activation in striatal and prefrontal regions implicated in value processing and cognitive control. Age-related increases in value-based lateral prefrontal cortex modulation mediated the relation between age and memory selectivity. Our findings demonstrate that developmental increases in the flexible recruitment of the prefrontal cortex support the emergence of adaptive memory.

@techreport{nussenbaum2021developmental, type = {preprint}, title = {Developmental change in prefrontal cortex recruitment supports the emergence of value-guided memory}, url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.13.431073v2.full}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-02-18}, institution = {Neuroscience}, author = {Nussenbaum, Kate and Hartley, Catherine A.}, month = feb, year = {2021}, }

{{Cite conference| publisher = Neuroscience| last1 = Nussenbaum| first1 = Kate| last2 = Hartley| first2 = Catherine A.| title = Developmental change in prefrontal cortex recruitment supports the emergence of value-guided memory| accessdate = 2021-02-18| date = 2021-02-14| url = https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.13.431073v2.full}}

Hallenbeck, G. E., Sprague, T. C., Rahmati, M., Sreenivasan, K. K., & Curtis, C. E. (2021). Working Memory Representations in Visual Cortex Mediate the Effects of Distraction [Preprint]. Neuroscience. http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2021.02.01.429259

SUMMARY Although the contents of working memory (WM) can be decoded from activity in visual cortex‚ these representations may play a limited role if they are not robust to distraction. Here‚ we used model-based fMRI to estimate the impact that a distracting visual task had on WM representations in several visual field maps in visual and frontoparietal association cortex. Distraction caused the fidelity of WM representations in all maps to briefly dip when both the memorandum and distractor were jointly encoded by the population activities. Moreover‚ distraction induced small biases in memory errors which were predicted by biases in neural decoding in early visual cortex‚ but not other regions. Although distraction briefly disrupts WM representations‚ the widespread redundancy with which WM information is encoded may protect against catastrophic loss. In early visual cortex‚ nonetheless‚ the neural representation of information in WM and behavioral performance were intertwined‚ solidifying its importance in memory.

@techreport{hallenbeck2021working, type = {preprint}, title = {Working {Memory} {Representations} in {Visual} {Cortex} {Mediate} the {Effects} of {Distraction}}, url = {http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2021.02.01.429259}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, institution = {Neuroscience}, author = {Hallenbeck, Grace E. and Sprague, Thomas C. and Rahmati, Masih and Sreenivasan, Kartik K. and Curtis, Clayton E.}, month = feb, year = {2021}, }

{{Cite conference| publisher = Neuroscience| last1 = Hallenbeck| first1 = Grace E.| last2 = Sprague| first2 = Thomas C.| last3 = Rahmati| first3 = Masih| last4 = Sreenivasan| first4 = Kartik K.| last5 = Curtis| first5 = Clayton E.| title = Working Memory Representations in Visual Cortex Mediate the Effects of Distraction| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2021-02-02| url = http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2021.02.01.429259}}

2020

Hoogman, M., Rooij, D. van, Klein, M., Boedhoe, P., Ilioska, I., Li, T., Patel, Y., Postema, M. C., Zhang‐James, Y., Anagnostou, E., Arango, C., Auzias, G., Banaschewski, T., Bau, C. H. D., Behrmann, M., Bellgrove, M. A., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Busatto, G. F., … Franke, B. (2020). Consortium neuroscience of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: The ENIGMA adventure. Human Brain Mapping, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25029

Human Brain Mapping

Neuroimaging has been extensively used to study brain structure and function in individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over the past decades. Two of the main shortcomings of the neuroimaging literature of these disorders are the small sample sizes employed and the heterogeneity of methods used. In 2013 and 2014‚ the ENIGMA-ADHD and ENIGMA-ASD working groups were respectively‚ founded with a common goal to address these limitations. Here‚ we provide a narrative review of the thus far completed and still ongoing projects of these working groups. Due to an implicitly hierarchical psychiatric diagnostic classification system‚ the fields of ADHD and ASD have developed largely in isolation‚ despite the considerable overlap in the occurrence of the disorders. The collaboration between the ENIGMA-ADHD and -ASD working groups seeks to bring the neuroimaging efforts of the two disorders closer together. The outcomes of case–control studies of subcortical and cortical structures showed that subcortical volumes are similarly affected in ASD and ADHD‚ albeit with small effect sizes. Cortical analyses identified unique differences in each disorder‚ but also considerable overlap between the two‚ specifically in cortical thickness. Ongoing work is examining alternative research questions‚ such as brain laterality‚ prediction of case–control status‚ and anatomical heterogeneity. In brief‚ great strides have been made toward fulfilling the aims of the ENIGMA collaborations‚ while new ideas and follow-up analyses continue that include more imaging modalities (diffusion MRI and resting-state functional MRI)‚ collaborations with other large databases‚ and samples with dual diagnoses.

@article{hoogman2020consortium, title = {Consortium neuroscience of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: {The} {ENIGMA} adventure}, volume = {n/a}, issn = {1097-0193}, shorttitle = {Consortium neuroscience of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hbm.25029}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25029}, language = {en}, number = {n/a}, urldate = {2021-05-05}, journal = {Human Brain Mapping}, author = {Hoogman, Martine and Rooij, Daan van and Klein, Marieke and Boedhoe, Premika and Ilioska, Iva and Li, Ting and Patel, Yash and Postema, Merel C. and Zhang‐James, Yanli and Anagnostou, Evdokia and Arango, Celso and Auzias, Guillaume and Banaschewski, Tobias and Bau, Claiton H. D. and Behrmann, Marlene and Bellgrove, Mark A. and Brandeis, Daniel and Brem, Silvia and Busatto, Geraldo F. and Calderoni, Sara and Calvo, Rosa and Castellanos, Francisco X. and Coghill, David and Conzelmann, Annette and Daly, Eileen and Deruelle, Christine and Dinstein, Ilan and Durston, Sarah and Ecker, Christine and Ehrlich, Stefan and Epstein, Jeffery N. and Fair, Damien A. and Fitzgerald, Jacqueline and Freitag, Christine M. and Frodl, Thomas and Gallagher, Louise and Grevet, Eugenio H. and Haavik, Jan and Hoekstra, Pieter J. and Janssen, Joost and Karkashadze, Georgii and King, Joseph A. and Konrad, Kerstin and Kuntsi, Jonna and Lazaro, Luisa and Lerch, Jason P. and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Louza, Mario R. and Luna, Beatriz and Mattos, Paulo and McGrath, Jane and Muratori, Filippo and Murphy, Clodagh and Nigg, Joel T. and Oberwelland‐Weiss, Eileen and Tuura, Ruth L. O'Gorman and O'Hearn, Kirsten and Oosterlaan, Jaap and Parellada, Mara and Pauli, Paul and Plessen, Kerstin J. and Ramos‐Quiroga, J. Antoni and Reif, Andreas and Reneman, Liesbeth and Retico, Alessandra and Rosa, Pedro G. P. and Rubia, Katya and Shaw, Philip and Silk, Tim J. and Tamm, Leanne and Vilarroya, Oscar and Walitza, Susanne and Jahanshad, Neda and Faraone, Stephen V. and Francks, Clyde and Heuvel, Odile A. van den and Paus, Tomas and Thompson, Paul M. and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Franke, Barbara}, year = {2020}, keywords = {ADHD, ASD, ENIGMA, cortex, neuroimaging, subcortical volumes}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25029| issn = 1097-0193| volume = n/a| issue = n/a| last1 = Hoogman| first1 = Martine| last2 = Rooij| first2 = Daan van| last3 = Klein| first3 = Marieke| last4 = Boedhoe| first4 = Premika| last5 = Ilioska| first5 = Iva| last6 = Li| first6 = Ting| last7 = Patel| first7 = Yash| last8 = Postema| first8 = Merel C.| last9 = Zhang‐James| first9 = Yanli| last10 = Anagnostou| first10 = Evdokia| last11 = Arango| first11 = Celso| last12 = Auzias| first12 = Guillaume| last13 = Banaschewski| first13 = Tobias| last14 = Bau| first14 = Claiton H. D.| last15 = Behrmann| first15 = Marlene| last16 = Bellgrove| first16 = Mark A.| last17 = Brandeis| first17 = Daniel| last18 = Brem| first18 = Silvia| last19 = Busatto| first19 = Geraldo F.| last20 = Calderoni| first20 = Sara| last21 = Calvo| first21 = Rosa| last22 = Castellanos| first22 = Francisco X.| last23 = Coghill| first23 = David| last24 = Conzelmann| first24 = Annette| last25 = Daly| first25 = Eileen| last26 = Deruelle| first26 = Christine| last27 = Dinstein| first27 = Ilan| last28 = Durston| first28 = Sarah| last29 = Ecker| first29 = Christine| last30 = Ehrlich| first30 = Stefan| last31 = Epstein| first31 = Jeffery N.| last32 = Fair| first32 = Damien A.| last33 = Fitzgerald| first33 = Jacqueline| last34 = Freitag| first34 = Christine M.| last35 = Frodl| first35 = Thomas| last36 = Gallagher| first36 = Louise| last37 = Grevet| first37 = Eugenio H.| last38 = Haavik| first38 = Jan| last39 = Hoekstra| first39 = Pieter J.| last40 = Janssen| first40 = Joost| last41 = Karkashadze| first41 = Georgii| last42 = King| first42 = Joseph A.| last43 = Konrad| first43 = Kerstin| last44 = Kuntsi| first44 = Jonna| last45 = Lazaro| first45 = Luisa| last46 = Lerch| first46 = Jason P.| last47 = Lesch| first47 = Klaus-Peter| last48 = Louza| first48 = Mario R.| last49 = Luna| first49 = Beatriz| last50 = Mattos| first50 = Paulo| last51 = McGrath| first51 = Jane| last52 = Muratori| first52 = Filippo| last53 = Murphy| first53 = Clodagh| last54 = Nigg| first54 = Joel T.| last55 = Oberwelland‐Weiss| first55 = Eileen| last56 = Tuura| first56 = Ruth L. O'Gorman| last57 = O'Hearn| first57 = Kirsten| last58 = Oosterlaan| first58 = Jaap| last59 = Parellada| first59 = Mara| last60 = Pauli| first60 = Paul| last61 = Plessen| first61 = Kerstin J.| last62 = Ramos‐Quiroga| first62 = J. Antoni| last63 = Reif| first63 = Andreas| last64 = Reneman| first64 = Liesbeth| last65 = Retico| first65 = Alessandra| last66 = Rosa| first66 = Pedro G. P.| last67 = Rubia| first67 = Katya| last68 = Shaw| first68 = Philip| last69 = Silk| first69 = Tim J.| last70 = Tamm| first70 = Leanne| last71 = Vilarroya| first71 = Oscar| last72 = Walitza| first72 = Susanne| last73 = Jahanshad| first73 = Neda| last74 = Faraone| first74 = Stephen V.| last75 = Francks| first75 = Clyde| last76 = Heuvel| first76 = Odile A. van den| last77 = Paus| first77 = Tomas| last78 = Thompson| first78 = Paul M.| last79 = Buitelaar| first79 = Jan K.| last80 = Franke| first80 = Barbara| title = Consortium neuroscience of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: The ENIGMA adventure| journal = Human Brain Mapping| accessdate = 2021-05-05| date = 2020| url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hbm.25029}}

Assaneo, M. F., Orpella, J., Ripollés, P., Noejovich, L., López-Barroso, D., de Diego-Balaguer, R., & Poeppel, D. (2020). Population-level differences in the neural substrates supporting Statistical Learning. BioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.03.187260

Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

bioRxiv

The ability to extract regularities from the environment is arguably an adaptive characteristic of intelligent systems. In the context of speech‚ statistical word-learning is thought to be an important mechanism for language acquisition. By taking into account individual differences in speech auditory-motor synchronization‚ an independent component analysis of fMRI data reveals that the neural substrates of this cognitive ability are not shared across individuals. While a network of auditory and superior pre/motor regions is universally activated to produce learning‚ a fronto-parietal network is instead additionally and selectively engaged by some individuals‚ boosting their performance. Interfering with the use of this network via articulatory suppression (producing irrelevant speech during learning) normalizes performance across the entire sample. Crucially‚ the engagement of this network predicts speech auditory-motor synchrony‚ directly relating this cognitive skill with language abilities.

url

@article{assaneo2020population-level, title = {Population-level differences in the neural substrates supporting {Statistical} {Learning}}, doi = {10.1101/2020.07.03.187260}, journal = {bioRxiv}, author = {Assaneo, M. Florencia and Orpella, Joan and Ripollés, Pablo and Noejovich, Laura and López-Barroso, Diana and de Diego-Balaguer, Ruth and Poeppel, David}, year = {2020}, note = {Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1101/2020.07.03.187260| last1 = Assaneo| first1 = M. Florencia| last2 = Orpella| first2 = Joan| last3 = Ripollés| first3 = Pablo| last4 = Noejovich| first4 = Laura| last5 = López-Barroso| first5 = Diana| last6 = de Diego-Balaguer| first6 = Ruth| last7 = Poeppel| first7 = David| title = Population-level differences in the neural substrates supporting Statistical Learning| journal = bioRxiv| date = 2020}}

Buchwald, A., Khosa, N., Rimikis, S., & Duncan, E. S. (2020). Behavioral and neurological effects of tDCS on speech motor recovery: A single-subject intervention study. Brain and Language, 210, 104849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104849

ISBN: 0093-934X Publisher: Elsevier

Brain and Language

This paper reports a feasibility study designed to evaluate the behavioral and neurological effects of using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in conjunction with speech motor learning treatment for individuals with acquired speech impairment subsequent to stroke. Most of the research using tDCS to enhance treatment outcomes in stroke recovery has focused on either limb motor control or aphasia treatment. Using a multiple-baseline multiple-probe crossover design‚ we compared both behavioral and brain connectivity-based outcomes following speech motor learning treatment with both Active tDCS and Sham tDCS. We observed that both treatment phases led to improvement in short-term maintenance‚ but that Active tDCS was associated with greater long-term maintenance improvement. Active tDCS was also associated with an increase in functional connectivity in the left hemisphere and interhemispherically in an ROI-based network analysis examining correlations among areas associated with speech production and acquired speech impairment. This report supports the possibility that tDCS may enhance both behavioral and neurological outcomes and indicates the importance of additional work in this area‚ although replication is required to confirm the extent and consistency of tDCS benefits on speech motor learning treatment outcomes.

url

@article{buchwald2020behavioral, title = {Behavioral and neurological effects of {tDCS} on speech motor recovery: {A} single-subject intervention study}, volume = {210}, doi = {10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104849}, journal = {Brain and Language}, author = {Buchwald, Adam and Khosa, Nicolette and Rimikis, Stacey and Duncan, E. Susan}, year = {2020}, note = {ISBN: 0093-934X Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {104849}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104849| volume = 210| pages = 104849| last1 = Buchwald| first1 = Adam| last2 = Khosa| first2 = Nicolette| last3 = Rimikis| first3 = Stacey| last4 = Duncan| first4 = E. Susan| title = Behavioral and neurological effects of tDCS on speech motor recovery: A single-subject intervention study| journal = Brain and Language| date = 2020}}

Qiao, S., Sedillo, J. I., Brown, K. A., Ferrentino, B., & Pesaran, B. (2020). A causal network analysis of neuromodulation in the mood processing network. Neuron, 107(5), 972-985. e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.012

ISBN: 0896-6273 Publisher: Elsevier

Neuron

Neural decoding and neuromodulation technologies hold great promise for treating mood and other brain disorders in next-generation therapies that manipulate functional brain networks. Here we perform a novel causal network analysis to decode multiregional communication in the primate mood processing network and determine how neuromodulation‚ short-burst tetanic microstimulation (sbTetMS)‚ alters multiregional network communication. The causal network analysis revealed a mechanism of network excitability that regulates when a sender stimulation site communicates with receiver sites. Decoding network excitability from neural activity at modulator sites predicted sender-receiver communication‚ whereas sbTetMS neuromodulation temporarily disrupted sender-receiver communication. These results reveal specific network mechanisms of multiregional communication and suggest a new generation of brain therapies that combine neural decoding to predict multiregional communication with neuromodulation to disrupt multiregional communication.

url

@article{qiao2020causal, title = {A causal network analysis of neuromodulation in the mood processing network}, volume = {107}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.012}, number = {5}, journal = {Neuron}, author = {Qiao, Shaoyu and Sedillo, J. Isaac and Brown, Kevin A. and Ferrentino, Breonna and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2020}, note = {ISBN: 0896-6273 Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {972--985. e6}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.012| volume = 107| issue = 5| pages = 972–985. e6| last1 = Qiao| first1 = Shaoyu| last2 = Sedillo| first2 = J. Isaac| last3 = Brown| first3 = Kevin A.| last4 = Ferrentino| first4 = Breonna| last5 = Pesaran| first5 = Bijan| title = A causal network analysis of neuromodulation in the mood processing network| journal = Neuron| date = 2020}}

Fernández, A., & Carrasco, M. (2020). Extinguishing exogenous attention via transcranial magnetic stimulation. Current Biology, 30(20), 4078-4084. e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.068

ISBN: 0960-9822 Publisher: Elsevier

Current Biology

Orienting covert exogenous (involuntary) attention to a target location improves performance in many visual tasks [1‚ 2]. It is unknown whether early visual cortical areas are necessary for this improvement. To establish a causal link between these areas and attentional modulations‚ we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to briefly alter cortical excitability and determine whether early visual areas mediate the effect of exogenous attention on performance. Observers performed an orientation discrimination task. After a peripheral valid‚ neutral‚ or invalid cue‚ two cortically magnified gratings were presented‚ one in the stimulated region and the other in the symmetric region in the opposite hemifield. Observers received two successive TMS pulses around their occipital pole while the stimuli were presented. Shortly after‚ a response cue indicated the grating whose orientation observers had to discriminate. The response cue either matched-target stimulated-or did not match-distractor stimulated-the stimulated side. Grating contrast was varied to measure contrast response functions (CRF) for all combinations of attention and TMS conditions. When the distractor was stimulated‚ exogenous attention yielded response gain-performance benefits in the valid-cue condition and costs in the invalid-cue condition compared with the neutral condition at the high contrast levels. Crucially‚ when the target was stimulated‚ this response gain was eliminated. Therefore‚ TMS extinguished the effect of exogenous attention. These results establish a causal link between early visual areas and the modulatory effect of exogenous attention on performance.

url

@article{fernandez2020extinguishing, title = {Extinguishing exogenous attention via transcranial magnetic stimulation}, volume = {30}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.068}, number = {20}, journal = {Current Biology}, author = {Fernández, Antonio and Carrasco, Marisa}, year = {2020}, note = {ISBN: 0960-9822 Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {4078--4084. e3}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.068| volume = 30| issue = 20| pages = 4078–4084. e3| last1 = Fernández| first1 = Antonio| last2 = Carrasco| first2 = Marisa| title = Extinguishing exogenous attention via transcranial magnetic stimulation| journal = Current Biology| date = 2020}}

Chiang, C.-H., Won, S. M., Orsborn, A. L., Yu, K. J., Trumpis, M., Bent, B., Wang, C., Xue, Y., Min, S., & Woods, V. (2020). Development of a neural interface for high-definition, long-term recording in rodents and nonhuman primates. Science Translational Medicine, 12(538). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay4682

ISBN: 1946-6234 Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science

Science translational medicine

Long-lasting‚ high-resolution neural interfaces that are ultrathin and flexible are essential for precise brain mapping and high-performance neuroprosthetic systems. Scaling to sample thousands of sites across large brain regions requires integrating powered electronics to multiplex many electrodes to a few external wires. However‚ existing multiplexed electrode arrays rely on encapsulation strategies that have limited implant lifetimes. Here‚ we developed a flexible‚ multiplexed electrode array‚ called "Neural Matrix‚" that provides stable in vivo neural recordings in rodents and nonhuman primates. Neural Matrix lasts over a year and samples a centimeter-scale brain region using over a thousand channels. The long-lasting encapsulation (projected to last at least 6 years)‚ scalable device design‚ and iterative in vivo optimization described here are essential components to overcoming current hurdles facing next-generation neural technologies.

url

@article{chiang2020development, title = {Development of a neural interface for high-definition, long-term recording in rodents and nonhuman primates}, volume = {12}, doi = {10.1126/scitranslmed.aay4682}, number = {538}, journal = {Science translational medicine}, author = {Chiang, Chia-Han and Won, Sang Min and Orsborn, Amy L. and Yu, Ki Jun and Trumpis, Michael and Bent, Brinnae and Wang, Charles and Xue, Yeguang and Min, Seunghwan and Woods, Virginia}, year = {2020}, note = {ISBN: 1946-6234 Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay4682| volume = 12| issue = 538| last1 = Chiang| first1 = Chia-Han| last2 = Won| first2 = Sang Min| last3 = Orsborn| first3 = Amy L.| last4 = Yu| first4 = Ki Jun| last5 = Trumpis| first5 = Michael| last6 = Bent| first6 = Brinnae| last7 = Wang| first7 = Charles| last8 = Xue| first8 = Yeguang| last9 = Min| first9 = Seunghwan| last10 = Woods| first10 = Virginia| title = Development of a neural interface for high-definition, long-term recording in rodents and nonhuman primates| journal = Science translational medicine| date = 2020}}

Dugué, L., Merriam, E. P., Heeger, D. J., & Carrasco, M. (2020). Differential impact of endogenous and exogenous attention on activity in human visual cortex. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78172-x

ISBN: 2045-2322 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group

Scientific reports

How do endogenous (voluntary) and exogenous (involuntary) attention modulate activity in visual cortex? Using ROI-based fMRI analysis‚ we measured fMRI activity for valid and invalid trials (target at cued/un-cued location‚ respectively)‚ pre- or post-cueing endogenous or exogenous attention‚ while participants performed the same orientation discrimination task. We found stronger modulation in contralateral than ipsilateral visual regions‚ and higher activity in valid- than invalid-trials. For endogenous attention‚ modulation of stimulus-evoked activity due to a pre-cue increased along the visual hierarchy‚ but was constant due to a post-cue. For exogenous attention‚ modulation of stimulus-evoked activity due to a pre-cue was constant along the visual hierarchy‚ but was not modulated due to a post-cue. These findings reveal that endogenous and exogenous attention distinctly modulate activity in visuo-occipital areas during orienting and reorienting; endogenous attention facilitates both the encoding and the readout of visual information whereas exogenous attention only facilitates the encoding of information.

url

@article{dugue2020differential, title = {Differential impact of endogenous and exogenous attention on activity in human visual cortex}, volume = {10}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-78172-x}, number = {1}, journal = {Scientific reports}, author = {Dugué, Laura and Merriam, Elisha P. and Heeger, David J. and Carrasco, Marisa}, year = {2020}, note = {ISBN: 2045-2322 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group}, pages = {1--16}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/s41598-020-78172-x| volume = 10| issue = 1| pages = 1–16| last1 = Dugué| first1 = Laura| last2 = Merriam| first2 = Elisha P.| last3 = Heeger| first3 = David J.| last4 = Carrasco| first4 = Marisa| title = Differential impact of endogenous and exogenous attention on activity in human visual cortex| journal = Scientific reports| date = 2020}}

Rahmati, M., DeSimone, K., Curtis, C. E., & Sreenivasan, K. K. (2020). Spatially Specific Working Memory Activity in the Human Superior Colliculus. The Journal of Neuroscience, 40(49), 9487–9495. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2016-20.2020

The Journal of Neuroscience

J. Neurosci.

Theoretically‚ working memory (WM) representations are encoded by population activity of neurons with distributed tuning across the stored feature. Here‚ we leverage computational neuroimaging approaches to map the topographic organization of human superior colliculus (SC) and model how population activity in SC encodes WM representations. We first modeled receptive field properties of voxels in SC‚ deriving a detailed topographic organization resembling that of the primate SC. Neural activity within human (5 male and 1 female) SC persisted throughout a retention interval of several types of modified memory-guided saccade tasks. Assuming an underlying neural architecture of the SC based on its retinotopic organization‚ we used an encoding model to show that the pattern of activity in human SC represents locations stored in WM. Our tasks and models allowed us to dissociate the locations of visual targets and the motor metrics of memory-guided saccades from the spatial locations stored in WM‚ thus confirming that human SC represents true WM information. These data have several important implications. They add the SC to a growing number of cortical and subcortical brain areas that form distributed networks supporting WM functions. Moreover‚ they specify a clear neural mechanism by which topographically organized SC encodes WM representations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Using computational neuroimaging approaches‚ we mapped the topographic organization of human superior colliculus (SC) and modeled how population activity in SC encodes working memory (WM) representations‚ rather than simpler visual or motor properties that have been traditionally associated with the laminar maps in the primate SC. Together‚ these data both position the human SC into a distributed network of brain areas supporting WM and elucidate the neural mechanisms by which the SC supports WM.

@article{rahmati2020spatially, title = {Spatially {Specific} {Working} {Memory} {Activity} in the {Human} {Superior} {Colliculus}}, volume = {40}, issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401}, url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/lookup/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2016-20.2020}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2016-20.2020}, language = {en}, number = {49}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Rahmati, Masih and DeSimone, Kevin and Curtis, Clayton E. and Sreenivasan, Kartik K.}, month = dec, year = {2020}, pages = {9487--9495}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2016-20.2020| issn = 0270-6474, 1529-2401| volume = 40| issue = 49| pages = 9487–9495| last1 = Rahmati| first1 = Masih| last2 = DeSimone| first2 = Kevin| last3 = Curtis| first3 = Clayton E.| last4 = Sreenivasan| first4 = Kartik K.| title = Spatially Specific Working Memory Activity in the Human Superior Colliculus| journal = The Journal of Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2020-12-02| url = http://www.jneurosci.org/lookup/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2016-20.2020}}

Boedhoe, P. S. W., van Rooij, D., Hoogman, M., Twisk, J. W. R., Schmaal, L., Abe, Y., Alonso, P., Ameis, S. H., Anikin, A., Anticevic, A., Arango, C., Arnold, P. D., Asherson, P., Assogna, F., Auzias, G., Banaschewski, T., Baranov, A., Batistuzzo, M. C., Baumeister, S., … van den Heuvel, O. A. (2020). Subcortical Brain Volume, Regional Cortical Thickness, and Cortical Surface Area Across Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD Working Groups. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(9), 834–843. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19030331

American Journal of Psychiatry

AJP

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‚ autism spectrum disorder (ASD)‚ and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The authors sought to directly compare these disorders using structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data. Methods: Structural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI data from healthy control subjects (N=5‚827) and from patients with ADHD (N=2‚271)‚ ASD (N=1‚777)‚ and OCD (N=2‚323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. The authors examined subcortical volume‚ cortical thickness‚ and cortical surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework‚ pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children‚ adolescents‚ and adults‚ using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age‚ sex‚ and site (and intracranial volume for subcortical and surface area measures). Results: No shared differences were found among all three disorders‚ and shared differences between any two disorders did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Children with ADHD compared with those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes‚ possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller intracranial volume than control subjects and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared with adult control subjects and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific differences were observed across different age groups and surface area differences among all disorders in childhood and adulthood. Conclusions: The study findings suggest robust but subtle differences across different age groups among ADHD‚ ASD‚ and OCD. ADHD-specific intracranial volume and hippocampal differences in children and adolescents‚ and ASD-specific cortical thickness differences in the frontal cortex in adults‚ support previous work emphasizing structural brain differences in these disorders.

@article{boedhoe2020subcortical, title = {Subcortical {Brain} {Volume}, {Regional} {Cortical} {Thickness}, and {Cortical} {Surface} {Area} {Across} {Disorders}: {Findings} {From} the {ENIGMA} {ADHD}, {ASD}, and {OCD} {Working} {Groups}}, volume = {177}, issn = {0002-953X, 1535-7228}, shorttitle = {Subcortical {Brain} {Volume}, {Regional} {Cortical} {Thickness}, and {Cortical} {Surface} {Area} {Across} {Disorders}}, url = {http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19030331}, doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19030331}, language = {en}, number = {9}, urldate = {2021-05-05}, journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry}, author = {Boedhoe, Premika S.W. and van Rooij, Daan and Hoogman, Martine and Twisk, Jos W.R. and Schmaal, Lianne and Abe, Yoshinari and Alonso, Pino and Ameis, Stephanie H. and Anikin, Anatoly and Anticevic, Alan and Arango, Celso and Arnold, Paul D. and Asherson, Philip and Assogna, Francesca and Auzias, Guillaume and Banaschewski, Tobias and Baranov, Alexander and Batistuzzo, Marcelo C. and Baumeister, Sarah and Baur-Streubel, Ramona and Behrmann, Marlene and Bellgrove, Mark A. and Benedetti, Francesco and Beucke, Jan C. and Biederman, Joseph and Bollettini, Irene and Bose, Anushree and Bralten, Janita and Bramati, Ivanei E. and Brandeis, Daniel and Brem, Silvia and Brennan, Brian P. and Busatto, Geraldo F. and Calderoni, Sara and Calvo, Anna and Calvo, Rosa and Castellanos, Francisco X. and Cercignani, Mara and Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M. and Chantiluke, Kaylita C. and Cheng, Yuqi and Cho, Kang Ik K. and Christakou, Anastasia and Coghill, David and Conzelmann, Annette and Cubillo, Ana I. and Dale, Anders M. and Dallaspezia, Sara and Daly, Eileen and Denys, Damiaan and Deruelle, Christine and Di Martino, Adriana and Dinstein, Ilan and Doyle, Alysa E. and Durston, Sarah and Earl, Eric A. and Ecker, Christine and Ehrlich, Stefan and Ely, Benjamin A. and Epstein, Jeffrey N. and Ethofer, Thomas and Fair, Damien A. and Fallgatter, Andreas J. and Faraone, Stephen V. and Fedor, Jennifer and Feng, Xin and Feusner, Jamie D. and Fitzgerald, Jackie and Fitzgerald, Kate D. and Fouche, Jean-Paul and Freitag, Christine M. and Fridgeirsson, Egill A. and Frodl, Thomas and Gabel, Matt C. and Gallagher, Louise and Gogberashvili, Tinatin and Gori, Ilaria and Gruner, Patricia and Gürsel, Deniz A. and Haar, Shlomi and Haavik, Jan and Hall, Geoffrey B. and Harrison, Neil A. and Hartman, Catharina A. and Heslenfeld, Dirk J. and Hirano, Yoshiyuki and Hoekstra, Pieter J. and Hoexter, Marcelo Q. and Hohmann, Sarah and Høvik, Marie F. and Hu, Hao and Huyser, Chaim and Jahanshad, Neda and Jalbrzikowski, Maria and James, Anthony and Janssen, Joost and Jaspers-Fayer, Fern and Jernigan, Terry L. and Kapilushniy, Dmitry and Kardatzki, Bernd and Karkashadze, Georgii and Kathmann, Norbert and Kaufmann, Christian and Kelly, Clare and Khadka, Sabin and King, Joseph A. and Koch, Kathrin and Kohls, Gregor and Konrad, Kerstin and Kuno, Masaru and Kuntsi, Jonna and Kvale, Gerd and Kwon, Jun Soo and Lázaro, Luisa and Lera-Miguel, Sara and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Hoekstra, Liesbeth and Liu, Yanni and Lochner, Christine and Louza, Mario R. and Luna, Beatriz and Lundervold, Astri J. and Malpas, Charles B. and Marques, Paulo and Marsh, Rachel and Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio and Mataix-Cols, David and Mattos, Paulo and McCarthy, Hazel and McGrath, Jane and Mehta, Mitul A. and Menchón, José M. and Mennes, Maarten and Martinho, Mauricio Moller and Moreira, Pedro S. and Morer, Astrid and Morgado, Pedro and Muratori, Filippo and Murphy, Clodagh M. and Murphy, Declan G.M. and Nakagawa, Akiko and Nakamae, Takashi and Nakao, Tomohiro and Namazova-Baranova, Leyla and Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C. and Nicolau, Rosa and Nigg, Joel T. and Novotny, Stephanie E. and Nurmi, Erika L. and Weiss, Eileen Oberwelland and O’Gorman Tuura, Ruth L. and O’Hearn, Kirsten and O’Neill, Joseph and Oosterlaan, Jaap and Oranje, Bob and Paloyelis, Yannis and Parellada, Mara and Pauli, Paul and Perriello, Chris and Piacentini, John and Piras, Fabrizio and Piras, Federica and Plessen, Kerstin J. and Puig, Olga and Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni and Reddy, Y.C. Janardhan and Reif, Andreas and Reneman, Liesbeth and Retico, Alessandra and Rosa, Pedro G.P. and Rubia, Katya and Rus, Oana Georgiana and Sakai, Yuki and Schrantee, Anouk and Schwarz, Lena and Schweren, Lizanne J.S. and Seitz, Jochen and Shaw, Philip and Shook, Devon and Silk, Tim J. and Simpson, H. Blair and Skokauskas, Norbert and Soliva Vila, Juan Carlos and Solovieva, Anastasia and Soreni, Noam and Soriano-Mas, Carles and Spalletta, Gianfranco and Stern, Emily R. and Stevens, Michael C. and Stewart, S. Evelyn and Sudre, Gustavo and Szeszko, Philip R. and Tamm, Leanne and Taylor, Margot J. and Tolin, David F. and Tosetti, Michela and Tovar-Moll, Fernanda and Tsuchiyagaito, Aki and van Erp, Theo G.M. and van Wingen, Guido A. and Vance, Alasdair and Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan and Vilarroya, Oscar and Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda and von Polier, Georg G. and Walitza, Susanne and Wallace, Gregory L. and Wang, Zhen and Wolfers, Thomas and Yoncheva, Yuliya N. and Yun, Je-Yeon and Zanetti, Marcus V. and Zhou, Fengfeng and Ziegler, Georg C. and Zierhut, Kathrin C. and Zwiers, Marcel P. and {the ENIGMA ADHD working group} and {the ENIGMA ASD working group} and {the ENIGMA OCD working group} and Thompson, Paul M. and Stein, Dan J. and Buitelaar, Jan and Franke, Barbara and van den Heuvel, Odile A.}, month = sep, year = {2020}, pages = {834--843}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19030331| issn = 0002-953X, 1535-7228| volume = 177| issue = 9| pages = 834–843| last1 = Boedhoe| first1 = Premika S.W.| last2 = van Rooij| first2 = Daan| last3 = Hoogman| first3 = Martine| last4 = Twisk| first4 = Jos W.R.| last5 = Schmaal| first5 = Lianne| last6 = Abe| first6 = Yoshinari| last7 = Alonso| first7 = Pino| last8 = Ameis| first8 = Stephanie H.| last9 = Anikin| first9 = Anatoly| last10 = Anticevic| first10 = Alan| last11 = Arango| first11 = Celso| last12 = Arnold| first12 = Paul D.| last13 = Asherson| first13 = Philip| last14 = Assogna| first14 = Francesca| last15 = Auzias| first15 = Guillaume| last16 = Banaschewski| first16 = Tobias| last17 = Baranov| first17 = Alexander| last18 = Batistuzzo| first18 = Marcelo C.| last19 = Baumeister| first19 = Sarah| last20 = Baur-Streubel| first20 = Ramona| last21 = Behrmann| first21 = Marlene| last22 = Bellgrove| first22 = Mark A.| last23 = Benedetti| first23 = Francesco| last24 = Beucke| first24 = Jan C.| last25 = Biederman| first25 = Joseph| last26 = Bollettini| first26 = Irene| last27 = Bose| first27 = Anushree| last28 = Bralten| first28 = Janita| last29 = Bramati| first29 = Ivanei E.| last30 = Brandeis| first30 = Daniel| last31 = Brem| first31 = Silvia| last32 = Brennan| first32 = Brian P.| last33 = Busatto| first33 = Geraldo F.| last34 = Calderoni| first34 = Sara| last35 = Calvo| first35 = Anna| last36 = Calvo| first36 = Rosa| last37 = Castellanos| first37 = Francisco X.| last38 = Cercignani| first38 = Mara| last39 = Chaim-Avancini| first39 = Tiffany M.| last40 = Chantiluke| first40 = Kaylita C.| last41 = Cheng| first41 = Yuqi| last42 = Cho| first42 = Kang Ik K.| last43 = Christakou| first43 = Anastasia| last44 = Coghill| first44 = David| last45 = Conzelmann| first45 = Annette| last46 = Cubillo| first46 = Ana I.| last47 = Dale| first47 = Anders M.| last48 = Dallaspezia| first48 = Sara| last49 = Daly| first49 = Eileen| last50 = Denys| first50 = Damiaan| last51 = Deruelle| first51 = Christine| last52 = Di Martino| first52 = Adriana| last53 = Dinstein| first53 = Ilan| last54 = Doyle| first54 = Alysa E.| last55 = Durston| first55 = Sarah| last56 = Earl| first56 = Eric A.| last57 = Ecker| first57 = Christine| last58 = Ehrlich| first58 = Stefan| last59 = Ely| first59 = Benjamin A.| last60 = Epstein| first60 = Jeffrey N.| last61 = Ethofer| first61 = Thomas| last62 = Fair| first62 = Damien A.| last63 = Fallgatter| first63 = Andreas J.| last64 = Faraone| first64 = Stephen V.| last65 = Fedor| first65 = Jennifer| last66 = Feng| first66 = Xin| last67 = Feusner| first67 = Jamie D.| last68 = Fitzgerald| first68 = Jackie| last69 = Fitzgerald| first69 = Kate D.| last70 = Fouche| first70 = Jean-Paul| last71 = Freitag| first71 = Christine M.| last72 = Fridgeirsson| first72 = Egill A.| last73 = Frodl| first73 = Thomas| last74 = Gabel| first74 = Matt C.| last75 = Gallagher| first75 = Louise| last76 = Gogberashvili| first76 = Tinatin| last77 = Gori| first77 = Ilaria| last78 = Gruner| first78 = Patricia| last79 = Gürsel| first79 = Deniz A.| last80 = Haar| first80 = Shlomi| last81 = Haavik| first81 = Jan| last82 = Hall| first82 = Geoffrey B.| last83 = Harrison| first83 = Neil A.| last84 = Hartman| first84 = Catharina A.| last85 = Heslenfeld| first85 = Dirk J.| last86 = Hirano| first86 = Yoshiyuki| last87 = Hoekstra| first87 = Pieter J.| last88 = Hoexter| first88 = Marcelo Q.| last89 = Hohmann| first89 = Sarah| last90 = Høvik| first90 = Marie F.| last91 = Hu| first91 = Hao| last92 = Huyser| first92 = Chaim| last93 = Jahanshad| first93 = Neda| last94 = Jalbrzikowski| first94 = Maria| last95 = James| first95 = Anthony| last96 = Janssen| first96 = Joost| last97 = Jaspers-Fayer| first97 = Fern| last98 = Jernigan| first98 = Terry L.| last99 = Kapilushniy| first99 = Dmitry| last100 = Kardatzki| first100 = Bernd| last101 = Karkashadze| first101 = Georgii| last102 = Kathmann| first102 = Norbert| last103 = Kaufmann| first103 = Christian| last104 = Kelly| first104 = Clare| last105 = Khadka| first105 = Sabin| last106 = King| first106 = Joseph A.| last107 = Koch| first107 = Kathrin| last108 = Kohls| first108 = Gregor| last109 = Konrad| first109 = Kerstin| last110 = Kuno| first110 = Masaru| last111 = Kuntsi| first111 = Jonna| last112 = Kvale| first112 = Gerd| last113 = Kwon| first113 = Jun Soo| last114 = Lázaro| first114 = Luisa| last115 = Lera-Miguel| first115 = Sara| last116 = Lesch| first116 = Klaus-Peter| last117 = Hoekstra| first117 = Liesbeth| last118 = Liu| first118 = Yanni| last119 = Lochner| first119 = Christine| last120 = Louza| first120 = Mario R.| last121 = Luna| first121 = Beatriz| last122 = Lundervold| first122 = Astri J.| last123 = Malpas| first123 = Charles B.| last124 = Marques| first124 = Paulo| last125 = Marsh| first125 = Rachel| last126 = Martínez-Zalacaín| first126 = Ignacio| last127 = Mataix-Cols| first127 = David| last128 = Mattos| first128 = Paulo| last129 = McCarthy| first129 = Hazel| last130 = McGrath| first130 = Jane| last131 = Mehta| first131 = Mitul A.| last132 = Menchón| first132 = José M.| last133 = Mennes| first133 = Maarten| last134 = Martinho| first134 = Mauricio Moller| last135 = Moreira| first135 = Pedro S.| last136 = Morer| first136 = Astrid| last137 = Morgado| first137 = Pedro| last138 = Muratori| first138 = Filippo| last139 = Murphy| first139 = Clodagh M.| last140 = Murphy| first140 = Declan G.M.| last141 = Nakagawa| first141 = Akiko| last142 = Nakamae| first142 = Takashi| last143 = Nakao| first143 = Tomohiro| last144 = Namazova-Baranova| first144 = Leyla| last145 = Narayanaswamy| first145 = Janardhanan C.| last146 = Nicolau| first146 = Rosa| last147 = Nigg| first147 = Joel T.| last148 = Novotny| first148 = Stephanie E.| last149 = Nurmi| first149 = Erika L.| last150 = Weiss| first150 = Eileen Oberwelland| last151 = O’Gorman Tuura| first151 = Ruth L.| last152 = O’Hearn| first152 = Kirsten| last153 = O’Neill| first153 = Joseph| last154 = Oosterlaan| first154 = Jaap| last155 = Oranje| first155 = Bob| last156 = Paloyelis| first156 = Yannis| last157 = Parellada| first157 = Mara| last158 = Pauli| first158 = Paul| last159 = Perriello| first159 = Chris| last160 = Piacentini| first160 = John| last161 = Piras| first161 = Fabrizio| last162 = Piras| first162 = Federica| last163 = Plessen| first163 = Kerstin J.| last164 = Puig| first164 = Olga| last165 = Ramos-Quiroga| first165 = J. Antoni| last166 = Reddy| first166 = Y.C. Janardhan| last167 = Reif| first167 = Andreas| last168 = Reneman| first168 = Liesbeth| last169 = Retico| first169 = Alessandra| last170 = Rosa| first170 = Pedro G.P.| last171 = Rubia| first171 = Katya| last172 = Rus| first172 = Oana Georgiana| last173 = Sakai| first173 = Yuki| last174 = Schrantee| first174 = Anouk| last175 = Schwarz| first175 = Lena| last176 = Schweren| first176 = Lizanne J.S.| last177 = Seitz| first177 = Jochen| last178 = Shaw| first178 = Philip| last179 = Shook| first179 = Devon| last180 = Silk| first180 = Tim J.| last181 = Simpson| first181 = H. Blair| last182 = Skokauskas| first182 = Norbert| last183 = Soliva Vila| first183 = Juan Carlos| last184 = Solovieva| first184 = Anastasia| last185 = Soreni| first185 = Noam| last186 = Soriano-Mas| first186 = Carles| last187 = Spalletta| first187 = Gianfranco| last188 = Stern| first188 = Emily R.| last189 = Stevens| first189 = Michael C.| last190 = Stewart| first190 = S. Evelyn| last191 = Sudre| first191 = Gustavo| last192 = Szeszko| first192 = Philip R.| last193 = Tamm| first193 = Leanne| last194 = Taylor| first194 = Margot J.| last195 = Tolin| first195 = David F.| last196 = Tosetti| first196 = Michela| last197 = Tovar-Moll| first197 = Fernanda| last198 = Tsuchiyagaito| first198 = Aki| last199 = van Erp| first199 = Theo G.M.| last200 = van Wingen| first200 = Guido A.| last201 = Vance| first201 = Alasdair| last202 = Venkatasubramanian| first202 = Ganesan| last203 = Vilarroya| first203 = Oscar| last204 = Vives-Gilabert| first204 = Yolanda| last205 = von Polier| first205 = Georg G.| last206 = Walitza| first206 = Susanne| last207 = Wallace| first207 = Gregory L.| last208 = Wang| first208 = Zhen| last209 = Wolfers| first209 = Thomas| last210 = Yoncheva| first210 = Yuliya N.| last211 = Yun| first211 = Je-Yeon| last212 = Zanetti| first212 = Marcus V.| last213 = Zhou| first213 = Fengfeng| last214 = Ziegler| first214 = Georg C.| last215 = Zierhut| first215 = Kathrin C.| last216 = Zwiers| first216 = Marcel P.| last217 = the ENIGMA ADHD working group| last218 = the ENIGMA ASD working group| last219 = the ENIGMA OCD working group| last220 = Thompson| first220 = Paul M.| last221 = Stein| first221 = Dan J.| last222 = Buitelaar| first222 = Jan| last223 = Franke| first223 = Barbara| last224 = van den Heuvel| first224 = Odile A.| title = Subcortical Brain Volume, Regional Cortical Thickness, and Cortical Surface Area Across Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD Working Groups| journal = American Journal of Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-05-05| date = 2020-09-01| url = http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19030331}}

He, C., Hung, S.-C., & Cheung, O. S. (2020). Roles of Category, Shape, and Spatial Frequency in Shaping Animal and Tool Selectivity in the Occipitotemporal Cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 40(29), 5644–5657. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3064-19.2020

PMID: 32527983

Journal of Neuroscience

J. Neurosci.

Does the nature of representation in the category-selective regions in the occipitotemporal cortex reflect visual or conceptual properties? Previous research showed that natural variability in visual features across categories‚ quantified by image gist statistics‚ is highly correlated with the different neural responses observed in the occipitotemporal cortex. Using fMRI‚ we examined whether category selectivity for animals and tools would remain‚ when image gist statistics were comparable across categories. Critically‚ we investigated how category‚ shape‚ and spatial frequency may contribute to the category selectivity in the animal- and tool-selective regions. Female and male human observers viewed low- or high-passed images of round or elongated animals and tools that shared comparable gist statistics in the main experiment‚ and animal and tool images of naturally varied gist statistics in a separate localizer. Univariate analysis revealed robust category-selective responses for images with comparable gist statistics across categories. Successful classification for category (animals/tools)‚ shape (round/elongated)‚ and spatial frequency (low/high) was also observed‚ with highest classification accuracy for category. Representational similarity analyses further revealed that the activation patterns in the animal-selective regions were most correlated with a model that represents only animal information‚ whereas the activation patterns in the tool-selective regions were most correlated with a model that represents only tool information‚ suggesting that these regions selectively represent information of only animals or tools. Together‚ in addition to visual features‚ the distinction between animal and tool representations in the occipitotemporal cortex is likely shaped by higher-level conceptual influences such as categorization or interpretation of visual inputs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Since different categories often vary systematically in both visual and conceptual features‚ it remains unclear what kinds of information determine category-selective responses in the occipitotemporal cortex. To minimize the influences of low- and mid-level visual features‚ here we used a diverse image set of animals and tools that shared comparable gist statistics. We manipulated category (animals/tools)‚ shape (round/elongated)‚ and spatial frequency (low/high)‚ and found that the representational content of the animal- and tool-selective regions is primarily determined by their preferred categories only‚ regardless of shape or spatial frequency. Our results show that category-selective responses in the occipitotemporal cortex are influenced by higher-level processing such as categorization or interpretation of visual inputs‚ and highlight the specificity in these category-selective regions.

@article{he2020roles, title = {Roles of {Category}, {Shape}, and {Spatial} {Frequency} in {Shaping} {Animal} and {Tool} {Selectivity} in the {Occipitotemporal} {Cortex}}, volume = {40}, copyright = {Copyright © 2020 He et al.. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.}, issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401}, url = {https://www.jneurosci.org/content/40/29/5644}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3064-19.2020}, language = {en}, number = {29}, urldate = {2021-05-04}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {He, Chenxi and Hung, Shao-Chin and Cheung, Olivia S.}, month = jul, year = {2020}, pmid = {32527983}, keywords = {animacy, category, fMRI, gist statistics, multivoxel pattern analysis, ventral visual pathway}, pages = {5644--5657}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3064-19.2020| issn = 0270-6474, 1529-2401| volume = 40| issue = 29| pages = 5644–5657| last1 = He| first1 = Chenxi| last2 = Hung| first2 = Shao-Chin| last3 = Cheung| first3 = Olivia S.| title = Roles of Category, Shape, and Spatial Frequency in Shaping Animal and Tool Selectivity in the Occipitotemporal Cortex| journal = Journal of Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-05-04| date = 2020-07-15| url = https://www.jneurosci.org/content/40/29/5644| pmid = 32527983}}

Dima, D., Papachristou, E., Modabbernia, A., Doucet, G. E., Agartz, I., Aghajani, M., Akudjedu, T. N., Albajes-Eizagirre, A., Alnæs, D., Alpert, K. I., Andersson, M., Andreasen, N., Andreassen, O. A., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Bargallo, N., Baumeister, S., Baur-Streubel, R., Bertolino, A., … Frangou, S. (2020). Subcortical Volume Trajectories across the Lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years. BioRxiv, 2020.05.05.079475. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.079475

bioRxiv

Age has a major effect on brain volume. However‚ the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes‚ restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response‚ we capitalised on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine the age-related morphometric trajectories of the ventricles‚ the basal ganglia (caudate‚ putamen‚ pallidum‚ and nucleus accumbens)‚ the thalamus‚ hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18‚605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum early in life; the volume of the basal ganglia showed a gradual monotonic decline thereafter while the volumes of the thalamus‚ amygdala and the hippocampus remained largely stable (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life followed by a steep decline thereafter. The lateral ventricles showed a trajectory of continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Significant age-related increase in inter-individual variability was found for the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to derive risk predictions for the early identification of diverse clinical phenotypes.

@article{dima2020subcortical, title = {Subcortical {Volume} {Trajectories} across the {Lifespan}: {Data} from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years}, copyright = {© 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/}, shorttitle = {Subcortical {Volume} {Trajectories} across the {Lifespan}}, url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.079475v1}, doi = {10.1101/2020.05.05.079475}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-05-05}, journal = {bioRxiv}, author = {Dima, Danai and Papachristou, Efstathios and Modabbernia, Amirhossein and Doucet, Gaelle E. and Agartz, Ingrid and Aghajani, Moji and Akudjedu, Theophilus N. and Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton and Alnæs, Dag and Alpert, Kathryn I. and Andersson, Micael and Andreasen, Nancy and Andreassen, Ole A. and Asherson, Philip and Banaschewski, Tobias and Bargallo, Nuria and Baumeister, Sarah and Baur-Streubel, Ramona and Bertolino, Alessandro and Bonvino, Aurora and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Borgwardt, Stefan and Bourque, Josiane and Brandeis, Daniel and Breier, Alan and Brodaty, Henry and Brouwer, Rachel M. and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Busatto, Geraldo F. and Buckner, Randy L. and Calhoun, Vincent and Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J. and Cannon, Dara M. and Caseras, Xavier and Castellanos, Francisco X. and Cervenka, Simon and Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M. and Ching, Christopher RK and Clark, Vincent P. and Conrod, Patricia and Conzelmann, Annette and Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto and Crivello, Fabrice and Crone, Eveline AM and Dale, Anders M. and Davey, Cristopher and Geus, Eco JC de and Haan, Lieuwe de and Zubicaray, Greig I. de and Braber, Anouk den and Dickie, Erin W. and Giorgio, Annabella Di and Doan, Nhat Trung and Dørum, Erlend S. and Ehrlich, Stefan and Erk, Susanne and Espeseth, Thomas and Fatouros-Bergman, Helena and Fisher, Simon E. and Fouche, Jean-Paul and Franke, Barbara and Frodl, Thomas and Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola and Glahn, David C. and Gotlib, Ian H. and Grabe, Hans-Jörgen and Grimm, Oliver and Groenewold, Nynke A. and Grotegerd, Dominik and Gruber, Oliver and Gruner, Patricia and Gur, Rachel E. and Gur, Ruben C. and Harrison, Ben J. and Hartman, Catharine A. and Hatton, Sean N. and Heinz, Andreas and Heslenfeld, Dirk J. and Hibar, Derrek P. and Hickie, Ian B. and Ho, Beng-Choon and Hoekstra, Pieter J. and Hohmann, Sarah and Holmes, Avram J. and Hoogman, Martine and Hosten, Norbert and Howells, Fleur M. and Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff and Huyser, Chaim and Jahanshad, Neda and James, Anthony and Jiang, Jiyang and Jönsson, Erik G. and Joska, John A. and Kahn, Rene and Kalnin, Andrew and Kanai, Ryota and Kang, Sim and Klein, Marieke and Klushnik, Tatyana P. and Koenders, Laura and Koops, Sanne and Krämer, Bernd and Kuntsi, Jonna and Lagopoulos, Jim and Lázaro, Luisa and Lebedeva, Irina and Lee, Won Hee and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Lochner, Christine and Machielsen, Marise WJ and Maingault, Sophie and Martin, Nicholas G. and Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio and Mataix-Cols, David and Mazoyer, Bernard and McDonald, Colm and McDonald, Brenna C. and McIntosh, Andrew M. and McMahon, Katie L. and McPhilemy, Genevieve and Menchón, José M. and Medland, Sarah E. and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Naaijen, Jilly and Najt, Pablo and Nakao, Tomohiro and Nordvik, Jan E. and Nyberg, Lars and Oosterlaan, Jaap and Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García de la and Paloyelis, Yannis and Pauli, Paul and Pergola, Giulio and Pomarol-Clotet, Edith and Portella, Maria J. and Potkin, Steven G. and Radua, Joaquim and Reif, Andreas and Roffman, Joshua L. and Rosa, Pedro GP and Sacchet, Matthew D. and Sachdev, Perminder S. and Salvador, Raymond and Sánchez-Juan, Pascual and Sarró, Salvador and Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Saykin, Andrew J. and Serpa, Mauricio H. and Schmaal, Lianne and Schnell, Knut and Schumann, Gunter and Smoller, Jordan W. and Sommer, Iris and Soriano-Mas, Carles and Stein, Dan J. and Strike, Lachlan T. and Swagerman, Suzanne C. and Tamnes, Christian K. and Temmingh, Henk S. and Thomopoulos, Sophia I. and Tomyshev, Alexander S. and Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana and Trollor, Julian N. and Turner, Jessica A. and Uhlmann, Anne and Heuvel, Odille A. van den and Meer, Dennis van den and Wee, Nic JA van der and Haren, Neeltje EM van and Ent, Dennis van ’t and Erp, Theo GM van and Veer, Ilya M. and Veltman, Dick J. and Völzke, Henry and Walter, Henrik and Walton, Esther and Wang, Lei and Wang, Yang and Wassink, Thomas H. and Weber, Bernd and Wen, Wei and West, John D. and Westlye, Lars T. and Whalley, Heather and Wierenga, Lara M. and Williams, Steven CR and Wittfeld, Katharina and Wolf, Daniel H. and Worker, Amanda and Wright, Margaret J. and Yang, Kun and Yoncheva, Yulyia and Zanetti, Marcus V. and Ziegler, Georg C. and Thompson, Paul M. and Frangou, Sophia}, month = may, year = {2020}, pages = {2020.05.05.079475}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1101/2020.05.05.079475| pages = 2020–05.05.079475| last1 = Dima| first1 = Danai| last2 = Papachristou| first2 = Efstathios| last3 = Modabbernia| first3 = Amirhossein| last4 = Doucet| first4 = Gaelle E.| last5 = Agartz| first5 = Ingrid| last6 = Aghajani| first6 = Moji| last7 = Akudjedu| first7 = Theophilus N.| last8 = Albajes-Eizagirre| first8 = Anton| last9 = Alnæs| first9 = Dag| last10 = Alpert| first10 = Kathryn I.| last11 = Andersson| first11 = Micael| last12 = Andreasen| first12 = Nancy| last13 = Andreassen| first13 = Ole A.| last14 = Asherson| first14 = Philip| last15 = Banaschewski| first15 = Tobias| last16 = Bargallo| first16 = Nuria| last17 = Baumeister| first17 = Sarah| last18 = Baur-Streubel| first18 = Ramona| last19 = Bertolino| first19 = Alessandro| last20 = Bonvino| first20 = Aurora| last21 = Boomsma| first21 = Dorret I.| last22 = Borgwardt| first22 = Stefan| last23 = Bourque| first23 = Josiane| last24 = Brandeis| first24 = Daniel| last25 = Breier| first25 = Alan| last26 = Brodaty| first26 = Henry| last27 = Brouwer| first27 = Rachel M.| last28 = Buitelaar| first28 = Jan K.| last29 = Busatto| first29 = Geraldo F.| last30 = Buckner| first30 = Randy L.| last31 = Calhoun| first31 = Vincent| last32 = Canales-Rodríguez| first32 = Erick J.| last33 = Cannon| first33 = Dara M.| last34 = Caseras| first34 = Xavier| last35 = Castellanos| first35 = Francisco X.| last36 = Cervenka| first36 = Simon| last37 = Chaim-Avancini| first37 = Tiffany M.| last38 = Ching| first38 = Christopher RK| last39 = Clark| first39 = Vincent P.| last40 = Conrod| first40 = Patricia| last41 = Conzelmann| first41 = Annette| last42 = Crespo-Facorro| first42 = Benedicto| last43 = Crivello| first43 = Fabrice| last44 = Crone| first44 = Eveline AM| last45 = Dale| first45 = Anders M.| last46 = Davey| first46 = Cristopher| last47 = Geus| first47 = Eco JC de| last48 = Haan| first48 = Lieuwe de| last49 = Zubicaray| first49 = Greig I. de| last50 = Braber| first50 = Anouk den| last51 = Dickie| first51 = Erin W.| last52 = Giorgio| first52 = Annabella Di| last53 = Doan| first53 = Nhat Trung| last54 = Dørum| first54 = Erlend S.| last55 = Ehrlich| first55 = Stefan| last56 = Erk| first56 = Susanne| last57 = Espeseth| first57 = Thomas| last58 = Fatouros-Bergman| first58 = Helena| last59 = Fisher| first59 = Simon E.| last60 = Fouche| first60 = Jean-Paul| last61 = Franke| first61 = Barbara| last62 = Frodl| first62 = Thomas| last63 = Fuentes-Claramonte| first63 = Paola| last64 = Glahn| first64 = David C.| last65 = Gotlib| first65 = Ian H.| last66 = Grabe| first66 = Hans-Jörgen| last67 = Grimm| first67 = Oliver| last68 = Groenewold| first68 = Nynke A.| last69 = Grotegerd| first69 = Dominik| last70 = Gruber| first70 = Oliver| last71 = Gruner| first71 = Patricia| last72 = Gur| first72 = Rachel E.| last73 = Gur| first73 = Ruben C.| last74 = Harrison| first74 = Ben J.| last75 = Hartman| first75 = Catharine A.| last76 = Hatton| first76 = Sean N.| last77 = Heinz| first77 = Andreas| last78 = Heslenfeld| first78 = Dirk J.| last79 = Hibar| first79 = Derrek P.| last80 = Hickie| first80 = Ian B.| last81 = Ho| first81 = Beng-Choon| last82 = Hoekstra| first82 = Pieter J.| last83 = Hohmann| first83 = Sarah| last84 = Holmes| first84 = Avram J.| last85 = Hoogman| first85 = Martine| last86 = Hosten| first86 = Norbert| last87 = Howells| first87 = Fleur M.| last88 = Pol| first88 = Hilleke E. Hulshoff| last89 = Huyser| first89 = Chaim| last90 = Jahanshad| first90 = Neda| last91 = James| first91 = Anthony| last92 = Jiang| first92 = Jiyang| last93 = Jönsson| first93 = Erik G.| last94 = Joska| first94 = John A.| last95 = Kahn| first95 = Rene| last96 = Kalnin| first96 = Andrew| last97 = Kanai| first97 = Ryota| last98 = Kang| first98 = Sim| last99 = Klein| first99 = Marieke| last100 = Klushnik| first100 = Tatyana P.| last101 = Koenders| first101 = Laura| last102 = Koops| first102 = Sanne| last103 = Krämer| first103 = Bernd| last104 = Kuntsi| first104 = Jonna| last105 = Lagopoulos| first105 = Jim| last106 = Lázaro| first106 = Luisa| last107 = Lebedeva| first107 = Irina| last108 = Lee| first108 = Won Hee| last109 = Lesch| first109 = Klaus-Peter| last110 = Lochner| first110 = Christine| last111 = Machielsen| first111 = Marise WJ| last112 = Maingault| first112 = Sophie| last113 = Martin| first113 = Nicholas G.| last114 = Martínez-Zalacaín| first114 = Ignacio| last115 = Mataix-Cols| first115 = David| last116 = Mazoyer| first116 = Bernard| last117 = McDonald| first117 = Colm| last118 = McDonald| first118 = Brenna C.| last119 = McIntosh| first119 = Andrew M.| last120 = McMahon| first120 = Katie L.| last121 = McPhilemy| first121 = Genevieve| last122 = Menchón| first122 = José M.| last123 = Medland| first123 = Sarah E.| last124 = Meyer-Lindenberg| first124 = Andreas| last125 = Naaijen| first125 = Jilly| last126 = Najt| first126 = Pablo| last127 = Nakao| first127 = Tomohiro| last128 = Nordvik| first128 = Jan E.| last129 = Nyberg| first129 = Lars| last130 = Oosterlaan| first130 = Jaap| last131 = Foz| first131 = Víctor Ortiz-García de la| last132 = Paloyelis| first132 = Yannis| last133 = Pauli| first133 = Paul| last134 = Pergola| first134 = Giulio| last135 = Pomarol-Clotet| first135 = Edith| last136 = Portella| first136 = Maria J.| last137 = Potkin| first137 = Steven G.| last138 = Radua| first138 = Joaquim| last139 = Reif| first139 = Andreas| last140 = Roffman| first140 = Joshua L.| last141 = Rosa| first141 = Pedro GP| last142 = Sacchet| first142 = Matthew D.| last143 = Sachdev| first143 = Perminder S.| last144 = Salvador| first144 = Raymond| last145 = Sánchez-Juan| first145 = Pascual| last146 = Sarró| first146 = Salvador| last147 = Satterthwaite| first147 = Theodore D.| last148 = Saykin| first148 = Andrew J.| last149 = Serpa| first149 = Mauricio H.| last150 = Schmaal| first150 = Lianne| last151 = Schnell| first151 = Knut| last152 = Schumann| first152 = Gunter| last153 = Smoller| first153 = Jordan W.| last154 = Sommer| first154 = Iris| last155 = Soriano-Mas| first155 = Carles| last156 = Stein| first156 = Dan J.| last157 = Strike| first157 = Lachlan T.| last158 = Swagerman| first158 = Suzanne C.| last159 = Tamnes| first159 = Christian K.| last160 = Temmingh| first160 = Henk S.| last161 = Thomopoulos| first161 = Sophia I.| last162 = Tomyshev| first162 = Alexander S.| last163 = Tordesillas-Gutiérrez| first163 = Diana| last164 = Trollor| first164 = Julian N.| last165 = Turner| first165 = Jessica A.| last166 = Uhlmann| first166 = Anne| last167 = Heuvel| first167 = Odille A. van den| last168 = Meer| first168 = Dennis van den| last169 = Wee| first169 = Nic JA van der| last170 = Haren| first170 = Neeltje EM van| last171 = Ent| first171 = Dennis van ’t| last172 = Erp| first172 = Theo GM van| last173 = Veer| first173 = Ilya M.| last174 = Veltman| first174 = Dick J.| last175 = Völzke| first175 = Henry| last176 = Walter| first176 = Henrik| last177 = Walton| first177 = Esther| last178 = Wang| first178 = Lei| last179 = Wang| first179 = Yang| last180 = Wassink| first180 = Thomas H.| last181 = Weber| first181 = Bernd| last182 = Wen| first182 = Wei| last183 = West| first183 = John D.| last184 = Westlye| first184 = Lars T.| last185 = Whalley| first185 = Heather| last186 = Wierenga| first186 = Lara M.| last187 = Williams| first187 = Steven CR| last188 = Wittfeld| first188 = Katharina| last189 = Wolf| first189 = Daniel H.| last190 = Worker| first190 = Amanda| last191 = Wright| first191 = Margaret J.| last192 = Yang| first192 = Kun| last193 = Yoncheva| first193 = Yulyia| last194 = Zanetti| first194 = Marcus V.| last195 = Ziegler| first195 = Georg C.| last196 = Thompson| first196 = Paul M.| last197 = Frangou| first197 = Sophia| title = Subcortical Volume Trajectories across the Lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years| journal = bioRxiv| accessdate = 2021-05-05| date = 2020-05-07| url = https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.079475v1}}

Kupers, E. R., Benson, N. C., & Winawer, J. (2020). A visual encoding model links magnetoencephalography signals to neural synchrony in human cortex [Preprint]. Neuroscience. http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.04.19.049197

Abstract Synchronization of neuronal responses over large distances is hypothesized to be important for many cortical functions. However‚ no straightforward methods exist to estimate synchrony non-invasively in the living human brain. MEG and EEG measure the whole brain‚ but the sensors pool over large‚ overlapping cortical regions‚ obscuring the underlying neural synchrony. Here‚ we developed a model from stimulus to cortex to MEG sensors to disentangle neural synchrony from spatial pooling of the instrument. We find that synchrony across cortex has a surprisingly large and systematic effect on predicted MEG spatial topography. We then conducted visual MEG experiments and separated responses into stimulus-locked and broadband components. The stimulus-locked topography was similar to model predictions assuming synchronous neural sources‚ whereas the broadband topography was similar to model predictions assuming asynchronous sources. We infer that visual stimulation elicits two distinct types of neural responses‚ one highly synchronous and one largely asynchronous across cortex.

@techreport{kupers2020visual, type = {preprint}, title = {A visual encoding model links magnetoencephalography signals to neural synchrony in human cortex}, url = {http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.04.19.049197}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, institution = {Neuroscience}, author = {Kupers, Eline R. and Benson, Noah C. and Winawer, Jonathan}, month = apr, year = {2020}, }

{{Cite conference| publisher = Neuroscience| last1 = Kupers| first1 = Eline R.| last2 = Benson| first2 = Noah C.| last3 = Winawer| first3 = Jonathan| title = A visual encoding model links magnetoencephalography signals to neural synchrony in human cortex| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2020-04-20| url = http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.04.19.049197}}

Shewcraft, R. A., Dean, H. L., Fabiszak, M. M., Hagan, M. A., Wong, Y. T., & Pesaran, B. (2020). Excitatory/Inhibitory Responses Shape Coherent Neuronal Dynamics Driven by Optogenetic Stimulation in the Primate Brain. The Journal of Neuroscience, 40(10), 2056–2068. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1949-19.2020

The Journal of Neuroscience

J. Neurosci.

Coherent neuronal dynamics play an important role in complex cognitive functions. Optogenetic stimulation promises to provide new ways to test the functional significance of coherent neural activity. However‚ the mechanisms by which optogenetic stimulation drives coherent dynamics remain unclear‚ especially in the nonhuman primate brain. Here‚ we perform computational modeling and experiments to study the mechanisms of optogenetic-stimulation-driven coherent neuronal dynamics in three male nonhuman primates. Neural responses arise from stimulation-evoked‚ temporally dynamic excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) activity. Spiking activity is more likely to occur during E/I imbalances. Thus the relative difference in the driven E and I responses precisely controls spike timing by forming a brief time interval of increased spiking likelihood. Experimental results agree with parameter-dependent predictions from the computational models. These results demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation driven coherent neuronal dynamics are governed by the temporal properties of E/I activity. Transient imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory activity may provide a general mechanism for generating coherent neuronal dynamics without the need for an oscillatory generator. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We examine how coherent neuronal dynamics arise from optogenetic stimulation in the primate brain. Using computational models and experiments‚ we demonstrate that coherent spiking and local field potential activity is generated by stimulation-evoked responses of excitatory and inhibitory activity in networks‚ extending the growing literature on neuronal dynamics. These responses create brief time intervals of increased spiking tendency and are consistent with previous observations in the literature that balanced excitation and inhibition controls spike timing‚ suggesting that optogenetic-stimulation-driven coherence may arise from intrinsic E/I balance. Most importantly‚ our results are obtained in nonhuman primates and thus will play a leading role in driving the use of causal manipulations with optogenetic tools to study higher cognitive functions in the primate brain.

@article{shewcraft2020excitatoryinhibitory, title = {Excitatory/{Inhibitory} {Responses} {Shape} {Coherent} {Neuronal} {Dynamics} {Driven} by {Optogenetic} {Stimulation} in the {Primate} {Brain}}, volume = {40}, issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401}, url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/lookup/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1949-19.2020}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1949-19.2020}, language = {en}, number = {10}, urldate = {2021-04-14}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Shewcraft, Ryan A. and Dean, Heather L. and Fabiszak, Margaret M. and Hagan, Maureen A. and Wong, Yan T. and Pesaran, Bijan}, month = mar, year = {2020}, pages = {2056--2068}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1949-19.2020| issn = 0270-6474, 1529-2401| volume = 40| issue = 10| pages = 2056–2068| last1 = Shewcraft| first1 = Ryan A.| last2 = Dean| first2 = Heather L.| last3 = Fabiszak| first3 = Margaret M.| last4 = Hagan| first4 = Maureen A.| last5 = Wong| first5 = Yan T.| last6 = Pesaran| first6 = Bijan| title = Excitatory/Inhibitory Responses Shape Coherent Neuronal Dynamics Driven by Optogenetic Stimulation in the Primate Brain| journal = The Journal of Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-04-14| date = 2020-03-04| url = http://www.jneurosci.org/lookup/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1949-19.2020}}

2019

Lewis, G. A., Poeppel, D., & Murphy, G. L. (2019). Contrasting semantic versus inhibitory processing in the angular gyrus: an fMRI study. Cerebral Cortex, 29(6), 2470–2481. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy118

ISBN: 1047-3211 Publisher: Oxford University Press

Cerebral Cortex

Recent studies of semantic memory have focused on dissociating the neural bases of two foundational components of human thought: taxonomic categories‚ which group similar objects like dogs and seals based on features‚ and thematic categories‚ which group dissimilar objects like dogs and leashes based on events. While there is emerging consensus that taxonomic concepts are represented in the anterior temporal lobe‚ there is disagreement over whether thematic concepts are represented in the angular gyrus (AG). We previously found AG sensitivity to both kinds of concepts; however‚ some accounts suggest that such activity reflects inhibition of irrelevant information rather than thematic activation. To test these possibilities‚ an fMRI experiment investigated both types of conceptual relations in the AG during two semantic judgment tasks. Each task trained participants to give negative responses (inhibition) or positive responses (activation) to word pairs based on taxonomic and thematic criteria of relatedness. Results showed AG engagement during both negative judgments and thematic judgments‚ but not during positive judgments about taxonomic pairs. Together‚ the results suggest that activity in the AG reflects functions that include both thematic (but not taxonomic) processing and inhibiting irrelevant semantic information.

url

@article{lewis2019contrasting, title = {Contrasting semantic versus inhibitory processing in the angular gyrus: an {fMRI} study}, volume = {29}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhy118}, number = {6}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, author = {Lewis, Gwyneth A. and Poeppel, David and Murphy, Gregory L.}, year = {2019}, note = {ISBN: 1047-3211 Publisher: Oxford University Press}, pages = {2470--2481}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cercor/bhy118| volume = 29| issue = 6| pages = 2470–2481| last1 = Lewis| first1 = Gwyneth A.| last2 = Poeppel| first2 = David| last3 = Murphy| first3 = Gregory L.| title = Contrasting semantic versus inhibitory processing in the angular gyrus: an fMRI study| journal = Cerebral Cortex| date = 2019}}

Assaneo, M. F., Ripollés, P., Orpella, J., Lin, W. M., de Diego-Balaguer, R., & Poeppel, D. (2019). Spontaneous synchronization to speech reveals neural mechanisms facilitating language learning. Nature Neuroscience, 22(4), 627–632. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0353-z

ISBN: 1546-1726 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group

Nature neuroscience

We introduce a deceptively simple behavioral task that robustly identifies two qualitatively different groups within the general population. When presented with an isochronous train of random syllables‚ some listeners are compelled to align their own concurrent syllable production with the perceived rate‚ whereas others remain impervious to the external rhythm. Using both neurophysiological and structural imaging approaches‚ we show group differences with clear consequences for speech processing and language learning. When listening passively to speech‚ high synchronizers show increased brain-to-stimulus synchronization over frontal areas‚ and this localized pattern correlates with precise microstructural differences in the white matter pathways connecting frontal to auditory regions. Finally‚ the data expose a mechanism that underpins performance on an ecologically relevant word-learning task. We suggest that this task will help to better understand and characterize individual performance in speech processing and language learning.

url

@article{assaneo2019spontaneous, title = {Spontaneous synchronization to speech reveals neural mechanisms facilitating language learning}, volume = {22}, doi = {10.1038/s41593-019-0353-z}, number = {4}, journal = {Nature neuroscience}, author = {Assaneo, M. Florencia and Ripollés, Pablo and Orpella, Joan and Lin, Wy Ming and de Diego-Balaguer, Ruth and Poeppel, David}, year = {2019}, note = {ISBN: 1546-1726 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group}, pages = {627--632}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/s41593-019-0353-z| volume = 22| issue = 4| pages = 627–632| last1 = Assaneo| first1 = M. Florencia| last2 = Ripollés| first2 = Pablo| last3 = Orpella| first3 = Joan| last4 = Lin| first4 = Wy Ming| last5 = de Diego-Balaguer| first5 = Ruth| last6 = Poeppel| first6 = David| title = Spontaneous synchronization to speech reveals neural mechanisms facilitating language learning| journal = Nature neuroscience| date = 2019}}

Belfi, A. M., Vessel, E. A., Brielmann, A., Isik, A. I., Chatterjee, A., Leder, H., Pelli, D. G., & Starr, G. G. (2019). Dynamics of aesthetic experience are reflected in the default-mode network. NeuroImage, 188, 584–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.017

ISBN: 1053-8119 Publisher: Elsevier

NeuroImage

Neuroaesthetics is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary field of research that aims to understand the neural substrates of aesthetic experience: While understanding aesthetic experience has been an objective of philosophers for centuries‚ it has only more recently been embraced by neuroscientists. Recent work in neuroaesthetics has revealed that aesthetic experience with static visual art engages visual‚ reward and default-mode networks. Very little is known about the temporal dynamics of these networks during aesthetic appreciation. Previous behavioral and brain imaging research suggests that critical aspects of aesthetic experience have slow dynamics‚ taking more than a few seconds‚ making them amenable to study with fMRI. Here‚ we identified key aspects of the dynamics of aesthetic experience while viewing art for various durations. In the first few seconds following image onset‚ activity in the DMN (and high-level visual and reward regions) was greater for very pleasing images; in the DMN this activity counteracted a suppressive effect that grew longer and deeper with increasing image duration. In addition‚ for very pleasing art‚ the DMN response returned to baseline in a manner time-locked to image offset. Conversely‚ for non-pleasing art‚ the timing of this return to baseline was inconsistent. This differential response in the DMN may therefore reflect the internal dynamics of the participant’s state: The participant disengages from art-related processing and returns to stimulus-independent thought. These dynamics suggest that the DMN tracks the internal state of a participant during aesthetic experience.

url

@article{belfi2019dynamics, title = {Dynamics of aesthetic experience are reflected in the default-mode network}, volume = {188}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.017}, journal = {NeuroImage}, author = {Belfi, Amy M. and Vessel, Edward A. and Brielmann, Aenne and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Chatterjee, Anjan and Leder, Helmut and Pelli, Denis G. and Starr, G. Gabrielle}, year = {2019}, note = {ISBN: 1053-8119 Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {584--597}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.017| volume = 188| pages = 584–597| last1 = Belfi| first1 = Amy M.| last2 = Vessel| first2 = Edward A.| last3 = Brielmann| first3 = Aenne| last4 = Isik| first4 = Ayse Ilkay| last5 = Chatterjee| first5 = Anjan| last6 = Leder| first6 = Helmut| last7 = Pelli| first7 = Denis G.| last8 = Starr| first8 = G. Gabrielle| title = Dynamics of aesthetic experience are reflected in the default-mode network| journal = NeuroImage| date = 2019}}

Zhou, J., Benson, N. C., Kay, K., & Winawer, J. (2019). Predicting neuronal dynamics with a delayed gain control model. PLOS Computational Biology, 15(11), e1007484. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007484

PLOS Computational Biology

PLoS Comput Biol

Visual neurons respond to static images with specific dynamics: neuronal responses sum sub-additively over time‚ reduce in amplitude with repeated or sustained stimuli (neuronal adaptation)‚ and are slower at low stimulus contrast. Here‚ we propose a simple model that predicts these seemingly disparate response patterns observed in a diverse set of measurements–intracranial electrodes in patients‚ fMRI‚ and macaque single unit spiking. The model takes a time-varying contrast time course of a stimulus as input‚ and produces predicted neuronal dynamics as output. Model computation consists of linear filtering‚ expansive exponentiation‚ and a divisive gain control. The gain control signal relates to but is slower than the linear signal‚ and this delay is critical in giving rise to predictions matched to the observed dynamics. Our model is simpler than previously proposed related models‚ and fitting the model to intracranial EEG data uncovers two regularities across human visual field maps: estimated linear filters (temporal receptive fields) systematically differ across and within visual field maps‚ and later areas exhibit more rapid and substantial gain control. The model is further generalizable to account for dynamics of contrast-dependent spike rates in macaque V1‚ and amplitudes of fMRI BOLD in human V1.

@article{zhou2019predicting, title = {Predicting neuronal dynamics with a delayed gain control model}, volume = {15}, issn = {1553-7358}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007484}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007484}, language = {en}, number = {11}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {PLOS Computational Biology}, author = {Zhou, Jingyang and Benson, Noah C. and Kay, Kendrick and Winawer, Jonathan}, editor = {Seidemann, Eyal}, month = nov, year = {2019}, pages = {e1007484}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007484| issn = 1553-7358| volume = 15| issue = 11| pages = –1007484| last1 = Zhou| first1 = Jingyang| last2 = Benson| first2 = Noah C.| last3 = Kay| first3 = Kendrick| last4 = Winawer| first4 = Jonathan| others = Eyal Seidemann (ed.)| title = Predicting neuronal dynamics with a delayed gain control model| journal = PLOS Computational Biology| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2019-11-20| url = https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007484}}

Favila, S. E., Kuhl, B. A., & Winawer, J. (2019). Perception and memory have distinct spatial tuning properties in human visual cortex [Preprint]. Neuroscience. http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/811331

Abstract Reactivation of earlier perceptual activity is thought to underlie long-term memory recall. Despite evidence for this view‚ it is unknown whether mnemonic activity exhibits the same tuning properties as feedforward perceptual activity. Here‚ we leveraged population receptive field models to parameterize fMRI activity in human visual cortex during spatial memory retrieval. Though retinotopic organization was present during both perception and memory‚ large systematic differences in tuning were also evident. Notably‚ whereas there was a three-fold decline in spatial precision from early to late visual areas during perception‚ this property was entirely abolished during memory retrieval. This difference could not be explained by reduced signal-to-noise or poor performance on memory trials. Instead‚ by simulating top-down activity in a network model of cortex‚ we demonstrate that this property is well-explained by the hierarchical structure of the visual system. Our results provide insight into the computational constraints governing memory reactivation in sensory cortex.

@techreport{favila2019perception, type = {preprint}, title = {Perception and memory have distinct spatial tuning properties in human visual cortex}, url = {http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/811331}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, institution = {Neuroscience}, author = {Favila, Serra E. and Kuhl, Brice A. and Winawer, Jonathan}, month = oct, year = {2019}, }

{{Cite conference| publisher = Neuroscience| last1 = Favila| first1 = Serra E.| last2 = Kuhl| first2 = Brice A.| last3 = Winawer| first3 = Jonathan| title = Perception and memory have distinct spatial tuning properties in human visual cortex| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2019-10-21| url = http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/811331}}

Hoogman, M., Muetzel, R., Guimaraes, J. P., Shumskaya, E., Mennes, M., Zwiers, M. P., Jahanshad, N., Sudre, G., Wolfers, T., Earl, E. A., Soliva Vila, J. C., Vives-Gilabert, Y., Khadka, S., Novotny, S. E., Hartman, C. A., Heslenfeld, D. J., Schweren, L. J. S., Ambrosino, S., Oranje, B., … Franke, B. (2019). Brain Imaging of the Cortex in ADHD: A Coordinated Analysis of Large-Scale Clinical and Population-Based Samples. American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(7), 531–542. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18091033

American Journal of Psychiatry

AJP

Objective: Neuroimaging studies show structural alterations of various brain regions in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‚ although nonreplications are frequent. The authors sought to identify cortical characteristics related to ADHD using large-scale studies. Methods: Cortical thickness and surface area (based on the Desikan-Killiany atlas) were compared between case subjects with ADHD (N=2‚246) and control subjects (N=1‚934) for children‚ adolescents‚ and adults separately in ENIGMA-ADHD‚ a consortium of 36 centers. To assess familial effects on cortical measures‚ case subjects‚ unaffected siblings‚ and control subjects in the NeuroIMAGE study (N=506) were compared. Associations of the attention scale from the Child Behavior Checklist with cortical measures were determined in a pediatric population sample (Generation-R‚ N=2‚707). Results: In the ENIGMA-ADHD sample‚ lower surface area values were found in children with ADHD‚ mainly in frontal‚ cingulate‚ and temporal regions; the largest significant effect was for total surface area (Cohen’s d=-0.21). Fusiform gyrus and temporal pole cortical thickness was also lower in children with ADHD. Neither surface area nor thickness differences were found in the adolescent or adult groups. Familial effects were seen for surface area in several regions. In an overlapping set of regions‚ surface area‚ but not thickness‚ was associated with attention problems in the Generation-R sample. Conclusions: Subtle differences in cortical surface area are widespread in children but not adolescents and adults with ADHD‚ confirming involvement of the frontal cortex and highlighting regions deserving further attention. Notably‚ the alterations behave like endophenotypes in families and are linked to ADHD symptoms in the population‚ extending evidence that ADHD behaves as a continuous trait in the population. Future longitudinal studies should clarify individual lifespan trajectories that lead to nonsignificant findings in adolescent and adult groups despite the presence of an ADHD diagnosis.

@article{hoogman2019brain, title = {Brain {Imaging} of the {Cortex} in {ADHD}: {A} {Coordinated} {Analysis} of {Large}-{Scale} {Clinical} and {Population}-{Based} {Samples}}, volume = {176}, issn = {0002-953X, 1535-7228}, shorttitle = {Brain {Imaging} of the {Cortex} in {ADHD}}, url = {http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18091033}, doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18091033}, language = {en}, number = {7}, urldate = {2021-05-05}, journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry}, author = {Hoogman, Martine and Muetzel, Ryan and Guimaraes, Joao P. and Shumskaya, Elena and Mennes, Maarten and Zwiers, Marcel P. and Jahanshad, Neda and Sudre, Gustavo and Wolfers, Thomas and Earl, Eric A. and Soliva Vila, Juan Carlos and Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda and Khadka, Sabin and Novotny, Stephanie E. and Hartman, Catharina A. and Heslenfeld, Dirk J. and Schweren, Lizanne J.S. and Ambrosino, Sara and Oranje, Bob and de Zeeuw, Patrick and Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M. and Rosa, Pedro G.P. and Zanetti, Marcus V. and Malpas, Charles B. and Kohls, Gregor and von Polier, Georg G. and Seitz, Jochen and Biederman, Joseph and Doyle, Alysa E. and Dale, Anders M. and van Erp, Theo G.M. and Epstein, Jeffery N. and Jernigan, Terry L. and Baur-Streubel, Ramona and Ziegler, Georg C. and Zierhut, Kathrin C. and Schrantee, Anouk and Høvik, Marie F. and Lundervold, Astri J. and Kelly, Clare and McCarthy, Hazel and Skokauskas, Norbert and O’Gorman Tuura, Ruth L. and Calvo, Anna and Lera-Miguel, Sara and Nicolau, Rosa and Chantiluke, Kaylita C. and Christakou, Anastasia and Vance, Alasdair and Cercignani, Mara and Gabel, Matt C. and Asherson, Philip and Baumeister, Sarah and Brandeis, Daniel and Hohmann, Sarah and Bramati, Ivanei E. and Tovar-Moll, Fernanda and Fallgatter, Andreas J. and Kardatzki, Bernd and Schwarz, Lena and Anikin, Anatoly and Baranov, Alexandr and Gogberashvili, Tinatin and Kapilushniy, Dmitry and Solovieva, Anastasia and El Marroun, Hanan and White, Tonya and Karkashadze, Georgii and Namazova-Baranova, Leyla and Ethofer, Thomas and Mattos, Paulo and Banaschewski, Tobias and Coghill, David and Plessen, Kerstin J. and Kuntsi, Jonna and Mehta, Mitul A. and Paloyelis, Yannis and Harrison, Neil A. and Bellgrove, Mark A. and Silk, Tim J. and Cubillo, Ana I. and Rubia, Katya and Lazaro, Luisa and Brem, Silvia and Walitza, Susanne and Frodl, Thomas and Zentis, Mariam and Castellanos, Francisco X. and Yoncheva, Yuliya N. and Haavik, Jan and Reneman, Liesbeth and Conzelmann, Annette and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Pauli, Paul and Reif, Andreas and Tamm, Leanne and Konrad, Kerstin and Oberwelland Weiss, Eileen and Busatto, Geraldo F. and Louza, Mario R. and Durston, Sarah and Hoekstra, Pieter J. and Oosterlaan, Jaap and Stevens, Michael C. and Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni and Vilarroya, Oscar and Fair, Damien A. and Nigg, Joel T. and Thompson, Paul M. and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Faraone, Stephen V. and Shaw, Philip and Tiemeier, Henning and Bralten, Janita and Franke, Barbara}, month = jul, year = {2019}, pages = {531--542}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18091033| issn = 0002-953X, 1535-7228| volume = 176| issue = 7| pages = 531–542| last1 = Hoogman| first1 = Martine| last2 = Muetzel| first2 = Ryan| last3 = Guimaraes| first3 = Joao P.| last4 = Shumskaya| first4 = Elena| last5 = Mennes| first5 = Maarten| last6 = Zwiers| first6 = Marcel P.| last7 = Jahanshad| first7 = Neda| last8 = Sudre| first8 = Gustavo| last9 = Wolfers| first9 = Thomas| last10 = Earl| first10 = Eric A.| last11 = Soliva Vila| first11 = Juan Carlos| last12 = Vives-Gilabert| first12 = Yolanda| last13 = Khadka| first13 = Sabin| last14 = Novotny| first14 = Stephanie E.| last15 = Hartman| first15 = Catharina A.| last16 = Heslenfeld| first16 = Dirk J.| last17 = Schweren| first17 = Lizanne J.S.| last18 = Ambrosino| first18 = Sara| last19 = Oranje| first19 = Bob| last20 = de Zeeuw| first20 = Patrick| last21 = Chaim-Avancini| first21 = Tiffany M.| last22 = Rosa| first22 = Pedro G.P.| last23 = Zanetti| first23 = Marcus V.| last24 = Malpas| first24 = Charles B.| last25 = Kohls| first25 = Gregor| last26 = von Polier| first26 = Georg G.| last27 = Seitz| first27 = Jochen| last28 = Biederman| first28 = Joseph| last29 = Doyle| first29 = Alysa E.| last30 = Dale| first30 = Anders M.| last31 = van Erp| first31 = Theo G.M.| last32 = Epstein| first32 = Jeffery N.| last33 = Jernigan| first33 = Terry L.| last34 = Baur-Streubel| first34 = Ramona| last35 = Ziegler| first35 = Georg C.| last36 = Zierhut| first36 = Kathrin C.| last37 = Schrantee| first37 = Anouk| last38 = Høvik| first38 = Marie F.| last39 = Lundervold| first39 = Astri J.| last40 = Kelly| first40 = Clare| last41 = McCarthy| first41 = Hazel| last42 = Skokauskas| first42 = Norbert| last43 = O’Gorman Tuura| first43 = Ruth L.| last44 = Calvo| first44 = Anna| last45 = Lera-Miguel| first45 = Sara| last46 = Nicolau| first46 = Rosa| last47 = Chantiluke| first47 = Kaylita C.| last48 = Christakou| first48 = Anastasia| last49 = Vance| first49 = Alasdair| last50 = Cercignani| first50 = Mara| last51 = Gabel| first51 = Matt C.| last52 = Asherson| first52 = Philip| last53 = Baumeister| first53 = Sarah| last54 = Brandeis| first54 = Daniel| last55 = Hohmann| first55 = Sarah| last56 = Bramati| first56 = Ivanei E.| last57 = Tovar-Moll| first57 = Fernanda| last58 = Fallgatter| first58 = Andreas J.| last59 = Kardatzki| first59 = Bernd| last60 = Schwarz| first60 = Lena| last61 = Anikin| first61 = Anatoly| last62 = Baranov| first62 = Alexandr| last63 = Gogberashvili| first63 = Tinatin| last64 = Kapilushniy| first64 = Dmitry| last65 = Solovieva| first65 = Anastasia| last66 = El Marroun| first66 = Hanan| last67 = White| first67 = Tonya| last68 = Karkashadze| first68 = Georgii| last69 = Namazova-Baranova| first69 = Leyla| last70 = Ethofer| first70 = Thomas| last71 = Mattos| first71 = Paulo| last72 = Banaschewski| first72 = Tobias| last73 = Coghill| first73 = David| last74 = Plessen| first74 = Kerstin J.| last75 = Kuntsi| first75 = Jonna| last76 = Mehta| first76 = Mitul A.| last77 = Paloyelis| first77 = Yannis| last78 = Harrison| first78 = Neil A.| last79 = Bellgrove| first79 = Mark A.| last80 = Silk| first80 = Tim J.| last81 = Cubillo| first81 = Ana I.| last82 = Rubia| first82 = Katya| last83 = Lazaro| first83 = Luisa| last84 = Brem| first84 = Silvia| last85 = Walitza| first85 = Susanne| last86 = Frodl| first86 = Thomas| last87 = Zentis| first87 = Mariam| last88 = Castellanos| first88 = Francisco X.| last89 = Yoncheva| first89 = Yuliya N.| last90 = Haavik| first90 = Jan| last91 = Reneman| first91 = Liesbeth| last92 = Conzelmann| first92 = Annette| last93 = Lesch| first93 = Klaus-Peter| last94 = Pauli| first94 = Paul| last95 = Reif| first95 = Andreas| last96 = Tamm| first96 = Leanne| last97 = Konrad| first97 = Kerstin| last98 = Oberwelland Weiss| first98 = Eileen| last99 = Busatto| first99 = Geraldo F.| last100 = Louza| first100 = Mario R.| last101 = Durston| first101 = Sarah| last102 = Hoekstra| first102 = Pieter J.| last103 = Oosterlaan| first103 = Jaap| last104 = Stevens| first104 = Michael C.| last105 = Ramos-Quiroga| first105 = J. Antoni| last106 = Vilarroya| first106 = Oscar| last107 = Fair| first107 = Damien A.| last108 = Nigg| first108 = Joel T.| last109 = Thompson| first109 = Paul M.| last110 = Buitelaar| first110 = Jan K.| last111 = Faraone| first111 = Stephen V.| last112 = Shaw| first112 = Philip| last113 = Tiemeier| first113 = Henning| last114 = Bralten| first114 = Janita| last115 = Franke| first115 = Barbara| title = Brain Imaging of the Cortex in ADHD: A Coordinated Analysis of Large-Scale Clinical and Population-Based Samples| journal = American Journal of Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-05-05| date = 2019-07| url = http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18091033}}

2018

Dugué, L., Merriam, E. P., Heeger, D. J., & Carrasco, M. (2018). Specific visual subregions of TPJ mediate reorienting of spatial attention. Cerebral Cortex, 28(7), 2375–2390. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx140

ISBN: 1047-3211 Publisher: Oxford University Press

Cerebral Cortex

The temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) has been associated with various cognitive and social functions‚ and is critical for attentional reorienting. Attention affects early visual processing. Neuroimaging studies dealing with such processes have thus far concentrated on striate and extrastriate areas. Here‚ we investigated whether attention orienting or reorienting modulate activity in visually driven TPJ subregions. For each observer we identified 3 visually responsive subregions within TPJ: 2 bilateral (vTPJant and vTPJpost) and 1 right lateralized (vTPJcent). Cortical activity in these subregions was measured using fMRI while observers performed a 2-alternative forced-choice orientation discrimination task. Covert spatial endogenous (voluntary) or exogenous (involuntary) attention was manipulated using either a central or a peripheral cue with task‚ stimuli and observers constant. Both endogenous and exogenous attention increased activity for invalidly cued trials in right vTPJpost; only endogenous attention increased activity for invalidly cued trials in left vTPJpost and in right vTPJcent; and neither type of attention modulated either right or left vTPJant. These results demonstrate that vTPJpost and vTPJcent mediate the reorientation of covert attention to task relevant stimuli‚ thus playing a critical role in visual attention. These findings reveal a differential reorienting cortical response after observers’ attention has been oriented to a given location voluntarily or involuntarily.

url

@article{dugue2018specific, title = {Specific visual subregions of {TPJ} mediate reorienting of spatial attention}, volume = {28}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhx140}, number = {7}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, author = {Dugué, Laura and Merriam, Elisha P. and Heeger, David J. and Carrasco, Marisa}, year = {2018}, note = {ISBN: 1047-3211 Publisher: Oxford University Press}, pages = {2375--2390}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cercor/bhx140| volume = 28| issue = 7| pages = 2375–2390| last1 = Dugué| first1 = Laura| last2 = Merriam| first2 = Elisha P.| last3 = Heeger| first3 = David J.| last4 = Carrasco| first4 = Marisa| title = Specific visual subregions of TPJ mediate reorienting of spatial attention| journal = Cerebral Cortex| date = 2018}}

Assaneo, M. F., & Poeppel, D. (2018). The coupling between auditory and motor cortices is rate-restricted: Evidence for an intrinsic speech-motor rhythm. Science Advances, 4(2), eaao3842. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao3842

ISBN: 2375-2548 Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science

Science advances

The relation between perception and action remains a fundamental question for neuroscience. In the context of speech‚ existing data suggest an interaction between auditory and speech-motor cortices‚ but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. We fill a basic gap in our understanding of the sensorimotor processing of speech by examining the synchronization between auditory and speech-motor regions over different speech rates‚ a fundamental parameter delimiting successful perception. First‚ using magnetoencephalography‚ we measure synchronization between auditory and speech-motor regions while participants listen to syllables at various rates. We show‚ surprisingly‚ that auditory-motor synchrony is significant only over a restricted range and is enhanced at \textasciitilde4.5 Hz‚ a value compatible with the mean syllable rate across languages. Second‚ neural modeling reveals that this modulated coupling plausibly emerges as a consequence of the underlying neural architecture. The findings suggest that the temporal patterns of speech emerge as a consequence of the intrinsic rhythms of cortical areas.

url

@article{assaneo2018coupling, title = {The coupling between auditory and motor cortices is rate-restricted: {Evidence} for an intrinsic speech-motor rhythm}, volume = {4}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aao3842}, number = {2}, journal = {Science advances}, author = {Assaneo, M. Florencia and Poeppel, David}, year = {2018}, note = {ISBN: 2375-2548 Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science}, pages = {eaao3842}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1126/sciadv.aao3842| volume = 4| issue = 2| pages = –3842| last1 = Assaneo| first1 = M. Florencia| last2 = Poeppel| first2 = David| title = The coupling between auditory and motor cortices is rate-restricted: Evidence for an intrinsic speech-motor rhythm| journal = Science advances| date = 2018}}

Kleinbart, J. E., Orsborn, A. L., Choi, J. S., Wang, C., Qiao, S., Viventi, J., & Pesaran, B. (2018). A modular implant system for multimodal recording and manipulation of the primate brain. 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 3362–3365. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512993

Neural circuitry can be investigated and manipulated using a variety of techniques‚ including electrical and optical recording and stimulation. At present‚ most neural interfaces are designed to accommodate a single mode of neural recording and/or manipulation‚ which limits the amount of data that can be extracted from a single population of neurons. To overcome these technical limitations‚ we developed a chronic‚ multi-scale‚ multi-modal chamber-based neural implant for use in non-human primates that accommodates electrophysiological recording and stimulation‚ optical manipulation‚ and wide-field imaging. We present key design features of the system and mechanical validation. We also present sample data from two non-human primate subjects to validate the efficacy of the design in vivo.

url

@inproceedings{kleinbart2018modular, title = {A modular implant system for multimodal recording and manipulation of the primate brain}, isbn = {1-5386-3646-8}, doi = {10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512993}, booktitle = {2018 40th annual international conference of the {IEEE} engineering in medicine and biology society ({EMBC})}, publisher = {IEEE}, author = {Kleinbart, Jessica E. and Orsborn, Amy L. and Choi, John S. and Wang, Charles and Qiao, Shaoyu and Viventi, Jonathan and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2018}, pages = {3362--3365}, }

{{Cite conference| publisher = IEEE| doi = 10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512993| isbn = 1-5386-3646-8| pages = 3362–3365| last1 = Kleinbart| first1 = Jessica E.| last2 = Orsborn| first2 = Amy L.| last3 = Choi| first3 = John S.| last4 = Wang| first4 = Charles| last5 = Qiao| first5 = Shaoyu| last6 = Viventi| first6 = Jonathan| last7 = Pesaran| first7 = Bijan| title = A modular implant system for multimodal recording and manipulation of the primate brain| booktitle = 2018 40th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society (EMBC)| date = 2018}}

Choi, J., Goncharov, V., Kleinbart, J., Orsborn, A., & Pesaran, B. (2018). Monkey-MIMMS: Towards Automated Cellular Resolution Large-Scale Two-Photon Microscopy in the Awake Macaque Monkey. 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 3013–3016. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512994

The size and curvature of the macaque brain present challenges for two photon laser scanning microscopy (2P-LSM). General access to the cortex requires 5-axis positioning over a range of motion wider than existing designs offer. In addition‚ movement artifacts due to physiological pulsations and bodily movement present particular challenges. We present a microscope and implant platform that allows for repeatable‚ motorized positioning and stable imaging at any point on the dorsal convexity of macaque cortex. While testing the system to image neurons expressing fluorescent proteins in an awake macaque‚ motion artifacts were limited to several microns.

url

@inproceedings{choi2018monkey-mimms, title = {Monkey-{MIMMS}: {Towards} {Automated} {Cellular} {Resolution} {Large}-{Scale} {Two}-{Photon} {Microscopy} in the {Awake} {Macaque} {Monkey}}, isbn = {1-5386-3646-8}, doi = {10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512994}, booktitle = {2018 40th {Annual} {International} {Conference} of the {IEEE} {Engineering} in {Medicine} and {Biology} {Society} ({EMBC})}, publisher = {IEEE}, author = {Choi, John and Goncharov, Vasily and Kleinbart, Jessica and Orsborn, Amy and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2018}, pages = {3013--3016}, }

{{Cite conference| publisher = IEEE| doi = 10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512994| isbn = 1-5386-3646-8| pages = 3013–3016| last1 = Choi| first1 = John| last2 = Goncharov| first2 = Vasily| last3 = Kleinbart| first3 = Jessica| last4 = Orsborn| first4 = Amy| last5 = Pesaran| first5 = Bijan| title = Monkey-MIMMS: Towards Automated Cellular Resolution Large-Scale Two-Photon Microscopy in the Awake Macaque Monkey| booktitle = 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)| date = 2018}}

Benson, N. C., & Winawer, J. (2018). Bayesian analysis of retinotopic maps. ELife, 7, e40224. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.40224

eLife

Human visual cortex is organized into multiple retinotopic maps. Characterizing the arrangement of these maps on the cortical surface is essential to many visual neuroscience studies. Typically‚ maps are obtained by voxel-wise analysis of fMRI data. This method‚ while useful‚ maps only a portion of the visual field and is limited by measurement noise and subjective assessment of boundaries. We developed a novel Bayesian mapping approach which combines observation–a subject’s retinotopic measurements from small amounts of fMRI time–with a prior–a learned retinotopic atlas. This process automatically draws areal boundaries‚ corrects discontinuities in the measured maps‚ and predicts validation data more accurately than an atlas alone or independent datasets alone. This new method can be used to improve the accuracy of retinotopic mapping‚ to analyze large fMRI datasets automatically‚ and to quantify differences in map properties as a function of health‚ development and natural variation between individuals.

@article{benson2018bayesian, title = {Bayesian analysis of retinotopic maps}, volume = {7}, issn = {2050-084X}, url = {https://elifesciences.org/articles/40224}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.40224}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {eLife}, author = {Benson, Noah C and Winawer, Jonathan}, month = dec, year = {2018}, pages = {e40224}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.7554/eLife.40224| issn = 2050-084X| volume = 7| pages = –40224| last1 = Benson| first1 = Noah C| last2 = Winawer| first2 = Jonathan| title = Bayesian analysis of retinotopic maps| journal = eLife| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2018-12-06| url = https://elifesciences.org/articles/40224}}

Guillaume, A., Fuller, J. R., Srimal, R., & Curtis, C. E. (2018). Cortico-cerebellar network involved in saccade adaptation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 120(5), 2583–2594. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00392.2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

Saccade adaptation is the learning process that ensures that vision and saccades remain calibrated. The central nervous system network involved in these adaptive processes remains unclear because of difficulties in isolating the learning process from the correlated visual and motor processes. Here we imaged the human brain during a novel saccade adaptation paradigm that allowed us to isolate neural signals involved in learning independent of the changes in the amplitude of corrective saccades usually correlated with adaptation. We show that the changes in activation in the ipsiversive cerebellar vermis that track adaptation are not driven by the changes in corrective saccades and thus provide critical supporting evidence for previous findings. Similarly‚ we find that activation in the dorsomedial wall of the contraversive precuneus mirrors the pattern found in the cerebellum. Finally‚ we identify dorsolateral and dorsomedial cortical areas in the frontal and parietal lobes that encode the retinal errors following inaccurate saccades used to drive recalibration. Together‚ these data identify a distributed network of cerebellar and cortical areas and their specific roles in oculomotor learning. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The central nervous system constantly learns from errors and adapts to keep visual targets and saccades in registration. We imaged the human brain while the gain of saccades adapted to a visual target that was displaced while the eye was in motion‚ inducing retinal error. Activity in the cerebellum and precuneus tracked learning‚ whereas parts of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial frontal and parietal cortex encoded the retinal error used to drive learning.

@article{guillaume2018cortico-cerebellar, title = {Cortico-cerebellar network involved in saccade adaptation}, volume = {120}, issn = {0022-3077, 1522-1598}, url = {https://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/jn.00392.2018}, doi = {10.1152/jn.00392.2018}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2021-02-26}, journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology}, author = {Guillaume, Alain and Fuller, Jason R. and Srimal, Riju and Curtis, Clayton E.}, month = nov, year = {2018}, pages = {2583--2594}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1152/jn.00392.2018| issn = 0022-3077, 1522-1598| volume = 120| issue = 5| pages = 2583–2594| last1 = Guillaume| first1 = Alain| last2 = Fuller| first2 = Jason R.| last3 = Srimal| first3 = Riju| last4 = Curtis| first4 = Clayton E.| title = Cortico-cerebellar network involved in saccade adaptation| journal = Journal of Neurophysiology| accessdate = 2021-02-26| date = 2018-11-01| url = https://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/jn.00392.2018}}

Roth, Z. N., Heeger, D. J., & Merriam, E. P. (2018). Stimulus vignetting and orientation selectivity in human visual cortex. ELife, 7, e37241. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.37241

eLife

Neural selectivity to orientation is one of the simplest and most thoroughly-studied cortical sensory features. Here‚ we show that a large body of research that purported to measure orientation tuning may have in fact been inadvertently measuring sensitivity to second-order changes in luminance‚ a phenomenon we term ‘vignetting’. Using a computational model of neural responses in primary visual cortex (V1)‚ we demonstrate the impact of vignetting on simulated V1 responses. We then used the model to generate a set of predictions‚ which we confirmed with functional MRI experiments in human observers. Our results demonstrate that stimulus vignetting can wholly determine the orientation selectivity of responses in visual cortex measured at a macroscopic scale‚ and suggest a reinterpretation of a well-established literature on orientation processing in visual cortex.

@article{roth2018stimulus, title = {Stimulus vignetting and orientation selectivity in human visual cortex}, volume = {7}, issn = {2050-084X}, url = {https://elifesciences.org/articles/37241}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.37241}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-02-26}, journal = {eLife}, author = {Roth, Zvi N and Heeger, David J and Merriam, Elisha P}, month = aug, year = {2018}, pages = {e37241}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.7554/eLife.37241| issn = 2050-084X| volume = 7| pages = –37241| last1 = Roth| first1 = Zvi N| last2 = Heeger| first2 = David J| last3 = Merriam| first3 = Elisha P| title = Stimulus vignetting and orientation selectivity in human visual cortex| journal = eLife| accessdate = 2021-02-26| date = 2018-08-14| url = https://elifesciences.org/articles/37241}}

Roy, A. K., Bennett, R., Posner, J., Hulvershorn, L., Castellanos, F. X., & Klein, R. G. (2018). Altered intrinsic functional connectivity of the cingulate cortex in children with severe temper outbursts. Development and Psychopathology, 30(2), 571–579. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417001080

Development and Psychopathology

Dev Psychopathol

Severe temper outbursts (STO) in children are associated with impaired school and family functioning and may contribute to negative outcomes. These outbursts can be conceptualized as excessive frustration responses reflecting reduced emotion regulation capacity. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in negative affect as well as emotional control‚ and exhibits disrupted function in children with elevated irritability and outbursts. This study examined the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of a region of the ACC‚ the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC)‚ in 5- to 9-year-old children with STO (n = 20)‚ comparing them to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) without outbursts (ADHD; n = 18). Additional analyses compared results to a sample of healthy children (HC; n = 18) and examined specific associations with behavioral and emotional dysregulation. Compared to the ADHD group‚ STO children exhibited reduced iFC between the aMCC and surrounding regions of the ACC‚ and increased iFC between the aMCC and precuneus. These differences were also seen between the STO and HC groups; ADHD and HC groups did not differ. Specificity analyses found associations between aMCC–ACC connectivity and hyperactivity‚ and between aMCC–precuneus iFC and emotion dysregulation. Disruption in aMCC networks may underlie the behavioral and emotional dysregulation characteristic of children with STO.

@article{roy2018altered, title = {Altered intrinsic functional connectivity of the cingulate cortex in children with severe temper outbursts}, volume = {30}, issn = {0954-5794, 1469-2198}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0954579417001080/type/journal_article}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579417001080}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, author = {Roy, Amy Krain and Bennett, Randi and Posner, Jonathan and Hulvershorn, Leslie and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Klein, Rachel G.}, month = may, year = {2018}, pages = {571--579}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1017/S0954579417001080| issn = 0954-5794, 1469-2198| volume = 30| issue = 2| pages = 571–579| last1 = Roy| first1 = Amy Krain| last2 = Bennett| first2 = Randi| last3 = Posner| first3 = Jonathan| last4 = Hulvershorn| first4 = Leslie| last5 = Castellanos| first5 = F. Xavier| last6 = Klein| first6 = Rachel G.| title = Altered intrinsic functional connectivity of the cingulate cortex in children with severe temper outbursts| journal = Development and Psychopathology| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2018-05| url = https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0954579417001080/type/journal_article}}

Garcia-Garcia, M., Nikolaidis, A., Bellec, P., Craddock, R. C., Cheung, B., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2018). Detecting stable individual differences in the functional organization of the human basal ganglia. NeuroImage, 170, 68–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.029

NeuroImage

Moving from group level to individual level functional parcellation maps is a critical step for developing a rich understanding of the links between individual variation in functional network architecture and cognitive and clinical phenotypes. Still‚ the identification of functional units in the brain based on intrinsic functional connectivity and its dynamic variations between and within subjects remains challenging. Recently‚ the bootstrap analysis of stable clusters (BASC) framework was developed to quantify the stability of functional brain networks both across and within subjects. This multi-level approach utilizes bootstrap resampling for both individual and group-level clustering to delineate functional units based on their consistency across and within subjects‚ while providing a measure of their stability. Here‚ we optimized the BASC framework for functional parcellation of the basal ganglia by investigating a variety of clustering algorithms and similarity measures. Reproducibility and test-retest reliability were computed to validate this analytic framework as a tool to describe inter-individual differences in the stability of functional networks. The functional parcellation revealed by stable clusters replicated previous divisions found in the basal ganglia based on intrinsic functional connectivity. While we found moderate to high reproducibility‚ test-retest reliability was high at the boundaries of the functional units as well as within their cores. This is interesting because the boundaries between functional networks have been shown to explain most individual phenotypic variability. The current study provides evidence for the consistency of the parcellation of the basal ganglia‚ and provides the first group level parcellation built from individual-level cluster solutions. These novel results demonstrate the utility of BASC for quantifying inter-individual differences in the functional organization of brain regions‚ and encourage usage in future studies.

@article{garcia-garcia2018detecting, title = {Detecting stable individual differences in the functional organization of the human basal ganglia}, volume = {170}, issn = {10538119}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811917305979}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.029}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {NeuroImage}, author = {Garcia-Garcia, Manuel and Nikolaidis, Aki and Bellec, Pierre and Craddock, R. Cameron and Cheung, Brian and Castellanos, Francisco X. and Milham, Michael P.}, month = apr, year = {2018}, pages = {68--82}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.029| issn = 10538119| volume = 170| pages = 68–82| last1 = Garcia-Garcia| first1 = Manuel| last2 = Nikolaidis| first2 = Aki| last3 = Bellec| first3 = Pierre| last4 = Craddock| first4 = R. Cameron| last5 = Cheung| first5 = Brian| last6 = Castellanos| first6 = Francisco X.| last7 = Milham| first7 = Michael P.| title = Detecting stable individual differences in the functional organization of the human basal ganglia| journal = NeuroImage| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2018-04| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811917305979}}

Kupers, E. R., Wang, H. X., Amano, K., Kay, K. N., Heeger, D. J., & Winawer, J. (2018). A non-invasive, quantitative study of broadband spectral responses in human visual cortex. PLOS ONE, 13(3), e0193107. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193107

PLOS ONE

PLoS ONE

Currently‚ non-invasive methods for studying the human brain do not routinely and reliably measure spike-rate-dependent signals‚ independent of responses such as hemodynamic coupling (fMRI) and subthreshold neuronal synchrony (oscillations and event-related potentials). In contrast‚ invasive methods—microelectrode recordings and electrocorticography (ECoG)—have recently measured broadband power elevation in field potentials (\textasciitilde50–200 Hz) as a proxy for locally averaged spike rates. Here‚ we sought to detect and quantify stimulus-related broadband responses using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Extracranial measurements like MEG and EEG have multiple global noise sources and relatively low signal-to-noise ratios; moreover high frequency artifacts from eye movements can be confounded with stimulus design and mistaken for signals originating from brain activity. For these reasons‚ we developed an automated denoising technique that helps reveal the broadband signal of interest. Subjects viewed 12-Hz contrast-reversing patterns in the left‚ right‚ or bilateral visual field. Sensor time series were separated into evoked (12-Hz amplitude) and broadband components (60–150 Hz). In all subjects‚ denoised broadband responses were reliably measured in sensors over occipital cortex‚ even in trials without microsaccades. The broadband pattern was stimulus-dependent‚ with greater power contralateral to the stimulus. Because we obtain reliable broadband estimates with short experiments (\textasciitilde20 minutes)‚ and with sufficient signal-to-noise to distinguish responses to different stimuli‚ we conclude that MEG broadband signals‚ denoised with our method‚ offer a practical‚ non-invasive means for characterizing spike-rate-dependent neural activity for addressing scientific questions about human brain function.

@article{kupers2018non-invasive, title = {A non-invasive, quantitative study of broadband spectral responses in human visual cortex}, volume = {13}, issn = {1932-6203}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193107}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0193107}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, author = {Kupers, Eline R. and Wang, Helena X. and Amano, Kaoru and Kay, Kendrick N. and Heeger, David J. and Winawer, Jonathan}, editor = {Ahveninen, Jyrki}, month = mar, year = {2018}, pages = {e0193107}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0193107| issn = 1932-6203| volume = 13| issue = 3| pages = –0193107| last1 = Kupers| first1 = Eline R.| last2 = Wang| first2 = Helena X.| last3 = Amano| first3 = Kaoru| last4 = Kay| first4 = Kendrick N.| last5 = Heeger| first5 = David J.| last6 = Winawer| first6 = Jonathan| others = Jyrki Ahveninen (ed.)| title = A non-invasive, quantitative study of broadband spectral responses in human visual cortex| journal = PLOS ONE| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2018-03-12| url = https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193107}}

Rahmati, M., Saber, G. T., & Curtis, C. E. (2018). Population Dynamics of Early Visual Cortex during Working Memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 30(2), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01196

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

Although the content of working memory (WM) can be decoded from the spatial patterns of brain activity in early visual cortex‚ how populations encode WM representations remains unclear. Here‚ we address this limitation by using a model-based approach that reconstructs the feature encoded by population activity measured with fMRI. Using this approach‚ we could successfully reconstruct the locations of memory-guided saccade goals based on the pattern of activity in visual cortex during a memory delay. We could reconstruct the saccade goal even when we dissociated the visual stimulus from the saccade goal using a memory-guided antisaccade procedure. By comparing the spatiotemporal population dynamics‚ we find that the representations in visual cortex are stable but can also evolve from a representation of a remembered visual stimulus to a prospective goal. Moreover‚ because the representation of the antisaccade goal cannot be the result of bottom–up visual stimulation‚ it must be evoked by top–down signals presumably originating from frontal and/or parietal cortex. Indeed‚ we find that trial-by-trial fluctuations in delay period activity in frontal and parietal cortex correlate with the precision with which our model reconstructed the maintained saccade goal based on the pattern of activity in visual cortex. Therefore‚ the population dynamics in visual cortex encode WM representations‚ and these representations can be sculpted by top–down signals from frontal and parietal cortex.

@article{rahmati2018population, title = {Population {Dynamics} of {Early} {Visual} {Cortex} during {Working} {Memory}}, volume = {30}, issn = {0898-929X, 1530-8898}, url = {https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn_a_01196}, doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01196}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2021-02-26}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, author = {Rahmati, Masih and Saber, Golbarg T. and Curtis, Clayton E.}, month = feb, year = {2018}, pages = {219--233}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1162/jocn_a_01196| issn = 0898-929X, 1530-8898| volume = 30| issue = 2| pages = 219–233| last1 = Rahmati| first1 = Masih| last2 = Saber| first2 = Golbarg T.| last3 = Curtis| first3 = Clayton E.| title = Population Dynamics of Early Visual Cortex during Working Memory| journal = Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-02-26| date = 2018-02| url = https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn_a_01196}}

Zhou, J., Benson, N. C., Kay, K. N., & Winawer, J. (2018). Compressive Temporal Summation in Human Visual Cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 38(3), 691–709. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1724-17.2017

The Journal of Neuroscience

J. Neurosci.

Combining sensory inputs over space and time is fundamental to vision. Population receptive field models have been successful in characterizing spatial encoding throughout the human visual pathways. A parallel question‚ how visual areas in the human brain process information distributed over time‚ has received less attention. One challenge is that the most widely used neuroimaging method‚ fMRI‚ has coarse temporal resolution compared with the time-scale of neural dynamics. Here‚ via carefully controlled temporally modulated stimuli‚ we show that information about temporal processing can be readily derived from fMRI signal amplitudes in male and female subjects. We find that all visual areas exhibit subadditive summation‚ whereby responses to longer stimuli are less than the linear prediction from briefer stimuli. We also find fMRI evidence that the neural response to two stimuli is reduced for brief interstimulus intervals (indicating adaptation). These effects are more pronounced in visual areas anterior to V1-V3. Finally‚ we develop a general model that shows how these effects can be captured with two simple operations: temporal summation followed by a compressive nonlinearity. This model operates for arbitrary temporal stimulation patterns and provides a simple and interpretable set of computations that can be used to characterize neural response properties across the visual hierarchy. Importantly‚ compressive temporal summation directly parallels earlier findings of compressive spatial summation in visual cortex describing responses to stimuli distributed across space. This indicates that‚ for space and time‚ cortex uses a similar processing strategy to achieve higher-level and increasingly invariant representations of the visual world. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Combining sensory inputs over time is fundamental to seeing. Two important temporal phenomena are summation‚ the accumulation of sensory inputs over time‚ and adaptation‚ a response reduction for repeated or sustained stimuli. We investigated these phenomena in the human visual system using fMRI. We built predictive models that operate on arbitrary temporal patterns of stimulation using two simple computations: temporal summation followed by a compressive nonlinearity. Our new temporal compressive summation model captures (1) subadditive temporal summation‚ and (2) adaptation. We show that the model accounts for systematic differences in these phenomena across visual areas. Finally‚ we show that for space and time‚ the visual system uses a similar strategy to achieve increasingly invariant representations of the visual world.

@article{zhou2018compressive, title = {Compressive {Temporal} {Summation} in {Human} {Visual} {Cortex}}, volume = {38}, issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401}, url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/lookup/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1724-17.2017}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1724-17.2017}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Zhou, Jingyang and Benson, Noah C. and Kay, Kendrick N. and Winawer, Jonathan}, month = jan, year = {2018}, pages = {691--709}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1724-17.2017| issn = 0270-6474, 1529-2401| volume = 38| issue = 3| pages = 691–709| last1 = Zhou| first1 = Jingyang| last2 = Benson| first2 = Noah C.| last3 = Kay| first3 = Kendrick N.| last4 = Winawer| first4 = Jonathan| title = Compressive Temporal Summation in Human Visual Cortex| journal = The Journal of Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2018-01-17| url = http://www.jneurosci.org/lookup/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1724-17.2017}}

2017

Mackey, W. E., & Curtis, C. E. (2017). Distinct contributions by frontal and parietal cortices support working memory. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 6188. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06293-x

Scientific Reports

Sci Rep

Although subregions of frontal and parietal cortex both contribute and coordinate to support working memory (WM) functions‚ their distinct contributions remain elusive. Here‚ we demonstrate that perturbations to topographically organized human frontal and parietal cortex during WM maintenance cause distinct but systematic distortions in WM. The nature of these distortions supports theories positing that parietal cortex mainly codes for retrospective sensory information‚ while frontal cortex codes for prospective action.

@article{mackey2017distinct, title = {Distinct contributions by frontal and parietal cortices support working memory}, volume = {7}, issn = {2045-2322}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-06293-x}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-06293-x}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2021-02-26}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, author = {Mackey, Wayne E. and Curtis, Clayton E.}, month = dec, year = {2017}, pages = {6188}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/s41598-017-06293-x| issn = 2045-2322| volume = 7| issue = 1| pages = 6188| last1 = Mackey| first1 = Wayne E.| last2 = Curtis| first2 = Clayton E.| title = Distinct contributions by frontal and parietal cortices support working memory| journal = Scientific Reports| accessdate = 2021-02-26| date = 2017-12| url = http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-06293-x}}

Di Martino, A., O’Connor, D., Chen, B., Alaerts, K., Anderson, J. S., Assaf, M., Balsters, J. H., Baxter, L., Beggiato, A., Bernaerts, S., Blanken, L. M. E., Bookheimer, S. Y., Braden, B. B., Byrge, L., Castellanos, F. X., Dapretto, M., Delorme, R., Fair, D. A., Fishman, I., … Milham, M. P. (2017). Enhancing studies of the connectome in autism using the autism brain imaging data exchange II. Scientific Data, 4(1), 170010. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.10

Scientific Data

Sci Data

The second iteration of the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE II) aims to enhance the scope of brain connectomics research in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Consistent with the initial ABIDE effort (ABIDE I)‚ that released 1112 datasets in 2012‚ this new multisite open-data resource is an aggregate of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and corresponding structural MRI and phenotypic datasets. ABIDE II includes datasets from an additional 487 individuals with ASD and 557 controls previously collected across 16 international institutions. The combination of ABIDE I and ABIDE II provides investigators with 2156 unique cross-sectional datasets allowing selection of samples for discovery and/or replication. This sample size can also facilitate the identification of neurobiological subgroups‚ as well as preliminary examinations of sex differences in ASD. Additionally‚ ABIDE II includes a range of psychiatric variables to inform our understanding of the neural correlates of co-occurring psychopathology; 284 diffusion imaging datasets are also included. It is anticipated that these enhancements will contribute to unraveling key sources of ASD heterogeneity.

@article{di_martino_enhancing_2017, title = {Enhancing studies of the connectome in autism using the autism brain imaging data exchange {II}}, volume = {4}, issn = {2052-4463}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201710}, doi = {10.1038/sdata.2017.10}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {Scientific Data}, author = {Di Martino, Adriana and O’Connor, David and Chen, Bosi and Alaerts, Kaat and Anderson, Jeffrey S. and Assaf, Michal and Balsters, Joshua H. and Baxter, Leslie and Beggiato, Anita and Bernaerts, Sylvie and Blanken, Laura M. E. and Bookheimer, Susan Y. and Braden, B. Blair and Byrge, Lisa and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Dapretto, Mirella and Delorme, Richard and Fair, Damien A. and Fishman, Inna and Fitzgerald, Jacqueline and Gallagher, Louise and Keehn, R. Joanne Jao and Kennedy, Daniel P. and Lainhart, Janet E. and Luna, Beatriz and Mostofsky, Stewart H. and Müller, Ralph-Axel and Nebel, Mary Beth and Nigg, Joel T. and O’Hearn, Kirsten and Solomon, Marjorie and Toro, Roberto and Vaidya, Chandan J. and Wenderoth, Nicole and White, Tonya and Craddock, R. Cameron and Lord, Catherine and Leventhal, Bennett and Milham, Michael P.}, month = dec, year = {2017}, pages = {170010}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/sdata.2017.10| issn = 2052-4463| volume = 4| issue = 1| pages = 170010| last1 = Di Martino| first1 = Adriana| last2 = O’Connor| first2 = David| last3 = Chen| first3 = Bosi| last4 = Alaerts| first4 = Kaat| last5 = Anderson| first5 = Jeffrey S.| last6 = Assaf| first6 = Michal| last7 = Balsters| first7 = Joshua H.| last8 = Baxter| first8 = Leslie| last9 = Beggiato| first9 = Anita| last10 = Bernaerts| first10 = Sylvie| last11 = Blanken| first11 = Laura M. E.| last12 = Bookheimer| first12 = Susan Y.| last13 = Braden| first13 = B. Blair| last14 = Byrge| first14 = Lisa| last15 = Castellanos| first15 = F. Xavier| last16 = Dapretto| first16 = Mirella| last17 = Delorme| first17 = Richard| last18 = Fair| first18 = Damien A.| last19 = Fishman| first19 = Inna| last20 = Fitzgerald| first20 = Jacqueline| last21 = Gallagher| first21 = Louise| last22 = Keehn| first22 = R. Joanne Jao| last23 = Kennedy| first23 = Daniel P.| last24 = Lainhart| first24 = Janet E.| last25 = Luna| first25 = Beatriz| last26 = Mostofsky| first26 = Stewart H.| last27 = Müller| first27 = Ralph-Axel| last28 = Nebel| first28 = Mary Beth| last29 = Nigg| first29 = Joel T.| last30 = O’Hearn| first30 = Kirsten| last31 = Solomon| first31 = Marjorie| last32 = Toro| first32 = Roberto| last33 = Vaidya| first33 = Chandan J.| last34 = Wenderoth| first34 = Nicole| last35 = White| first35 = Tonya| last36 = Craddock| first36 = R. Cameron| last37 = Lord| first37 = Catherine| last38 = Leventhal| first38 = Bennett| last39 = Milham| first39 = Michael P.| title = Enhancing studies of the connectome in autism using the autism brain imaging data exchange II| journal = Scientific Data| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2017-12| url = http://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201710}}

Aoki, Y., Yoncheva, Y. N., Chen, B., Nath, T., Sharp, D., Lazar, M., Velasco, P., Milham, M. P., & Di Martino, A. (2017). Association of White Matter Structure With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(11), 1120. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2573

JAMA Psychiatry

Importance: Clinical overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly appreciated‚ but the underlying brain mechanisms remain unknown to date. Objective: To examine associations between white matter organization and 2 commonly co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions‚ ASD and ADHD‚ through both categorical and dimensional approaches. Design‚ setting‚ and participants: This investigation was a cross-sectional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study at an outpatient academic clinical and research center‚ the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at New York University Langone Medical Center. Participants were children with ASD‚ children with ADHD‚ or typically developing children. Data collection was ongoing from December 2008 to October 2015. Main outcomes and measures: The primary measure was voxelwise fractional anisotropy (FA) analyzed via tract-based spatial statistics. Additional voxelwise DTI metrics included radial diffusivity (RD)‚ mean diffusivity (MD)‚ axial diffusivity (AD)‚ and mode of anisotropy (MA). Results: This cross-sectional DTI study analyzed data from 174 children (age range‚ 6.0-12.9 years)‚ selected from a larger sample after quality assurance to be group matched on age and sex. After quality control‚ the study analyzed data from 69 children with ASD (mean [SD] age‚ 8.9 [1.7] years; 62 male)‚ 55 children with ADHD (mean [SD] age‚ 9.5 [1.5] years; 41 male)‚ and 50 typically developing children (mean [SD] age‚ 9.4 [1.5] years; 38 male). Categorical analyses revealed a significant influence of ASD diagnosis on several DTI metrics (FA‚ MD‚ RD‚ and AD)‚ primarily in the corpus callosum. For example‚ FA analyses identified a cluster of 4179 voxels (TFCE FEW corrected P < .05) in posterior portions of the corpus callosum. Dimensional analyses revealed associations between ASD severity and FA‚ RD‚ and MD in more extended portions of the corpus callosum and beyond (eg‚ corona radiata and inferior longitudinal fasciculus) across all individuals‚ regardless of diagnosis. For example‚ FA analyses revealed clusters overall encompassing 12121 voxels (TFCE FWE corrected P < .05) with a significant association with parent ratings in the social responsiveness scale. Similar results were evident using an independent measure of ASD traits (ie‚ children communication checklist‚ second edition). Total severity of ADHD-traits was not significantly related to DTI metrics but inattention scores were related to AD in corpus callosum in a cluster sized 716 voxels. All these findings were robust to algorithmic correction of motion artifacts with the DTIPrep software. Conclusions and relevance: Dimensional analyses provided a more complete picture of associations between ASD traits and inattention and indexes of white matter organization‚ particularly in the corpus callosum. This transdiagnostic approach can reveal dimensional relationships linking white matter structure to neurodevelopmental symptoms.

@article{aoki2017association, title = {Association of {White} {Matter} {Structure} {With} {Autism} {Spectrum} {Disorder} and {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder}}, volume = {74}, issn = {2168-622X}, url = {http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2573}, doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2573}, language = {en}, number = {11}, urldate = {2021-05-11}, journal = {JAMA Psychiatry}, author = {Aoki, Yuta and Yoncheva, Yuliya N. and Chen, Bosi and Nath, Tanmay and Sharp, Dillon and Lazar, Mariana and Velasco, Pablo and Milham, Michael P. and Di Martino, Adriana}, month = nov, year = {2017}, pages = {1120}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2573| issn = 2168-622X| volume = 74| issue = 11| pages = 1120| last1 = Aoki| first1 = Yuta| last2 = Yoncheva| first2 = Yuliya N.| last3 = Chen| first3 = Bosi| last4 = Nath| first4 = Tanmay| last5 = Sharp| first5 = Dillon| last6 = Lazar| first6 = Mariana| last7 = Velasco| first7 = Pablo| last8 = Milham| first8 = Michael P.| last9 = Di Martino| first9 = Adriana| title = Association of White Matter Structure With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder| journal = JAMA Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-05-11| date = 2017-11-01| url = http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2573}}

Winawer, J., & Witthoft, N. (2017). Identification of the ventral occipital visual field maps in the human brain. F1000Research, 6, 1526. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12364.1

F1000Research

F1000Res

The location and topography of the first three visual field maps in the human brain‚ V1-V3‚ are well agreed upon and routinely measured across most laboratories. The position of the 4th visual field map‚ ‘hV4’‚ is identified with less consistency in the neuroimaging literature. Using magnetic resonance imaging data‚ we describe landmarks to help identify the position and borders of ‘hV4’. The data consist of anatomical images‚ visualized as cortical meshes to highlight the sulcal and gyral patterns‚ and functional data obtained from retinotopic mapping experiments‚ visualized as eccentricity and angle maps on the cortical surface. Several features of the functional and anatomical data can be found across nearly all subjects and are helpful for identifying the location and extent of the hV4 map. The medial border of hV4 is shared with the posterior‚ ventral portion of V3‚ and is marked by a retinotopic representation of the upper vertical meridian. The anterior border of hV4 is shared with the VO-1 map‚ and falls on a retinotopic representation of the peripheral visual field‚ usually coincident with the posterior transverse collateral sulcus. The ventro-lateral edge of the map typically falls on the inferior occipital gyrus‚ where functional MRI artifacts often obscure the retinotopic data. Finally‚ we demonstrate the continuity of retinotopic parameters between hV4 and its neighbors; hV4 and V3v contain iso-eccentricity lines in register‚ whereas hV4 and VO-1 contain iso-polar angle lines in register. Together‚ the multiple constraints allow for a consistent identification of the hV4 map across most human subjects.

@article{winawer2017identification, title = {Identification of the ventral occipital visual field maps in the human brain}, volume = {6}, issn = {2046-1402}, url = {https://f1000research.com/articles/6-1526/v1}, doi = {10.12688/f1000research.12364.1}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {F1000Research}, author = {Winawer, Jonathan and Witthoft, Nathan}, month = aug, year = {2017}, pages = {1526}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.12688/f1000research.12364.1| issn = 2046-1402| volume = 6| pages = 1526| last1 = Winawer| first1 = Jonathan| last2 = Witthoft| first2 = Nathan| title = Identification of the ventral occipital visual field maps in the human brain| journal = F1000Research| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2017-08-21| url = https://f1000research.com/articles/6-1526/v1}}

Hermes, D., Nguyen, M., & Winawer, J. (2017). Neuronal synchrony and the relation between the blood-oxygen-level dependent response and the local field potential. PLOS Biology, 15(7), e2001461. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001461

PLOS Biology

PLoS Biol

The most widespread measures of human brain activity are the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal and surface field potential. Prior studies report a variety of relationships between these signals. To develop an understanding of how to interpret these signals and the relationship between them‚ we developed a model of (a) neuronal population responses and (b) transformations from neuronal responses into the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) BOLD signal and electrocorticographic (ECoG) field potential. Rather than seeking a transformation between the two measures directly‚ this approach interprets each measure with respect to the underlying neuronal population responses. This model accounts for the relationship between BOLD and ECoG data from human visual cortex in V1‚ V2‚ and V3‚ with the model predictions and data matching in three ways: across stimuli‚ the BOLD amplitude and ECoG broadband power were positively correlated‚ the BOLD amplitude and alpha power (8–13 Hz) were negatively correlated‚ and the BOLD amplitude and narrowband gamma power (30–80 Hz) were uncorrelated. The two measures provide complementary information about human brain activity‚ and we infer that features of the field potential that are uncorrelated with BOLD arise largely from changes in synchrony‚ rather than level‚ of neuronal activity.

@article{hermes2017neuronal, title = {Neuronal synchrony and the relation between the blood-oxygen-level dependent response and the local field potential}, volume = {15}, issn = {1545-7885}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001461}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.2001461}, language = {en}, number = {7}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {PLOS Biology}, author = {Hermes, Dora and Nguyen, Mai and Winawer, Jonathan}, editor = {Kohn, Adam}, month = jul, year = {2017}, pages = {e2001461}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001461| issn = 1545-7885| volume = 15| issue = 7| pages = –2001461| last1 = Hermes| first1 = Dora| last2 = Nguyen| first2 = Mai| last3 = Winawer| first3 = Jonathan| others = Adam Kohn (ed.)| title = Neuronal synchrony and the relation between the blood-oxygen-level dependent response and the local field potential| journal = PLOS Biology| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2017-07-24| url = https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001461}}

Mackey, W. E., Winawer, J., & Curtis, C. E. (2017). Visual field map clusters in human frontoparietal cortex. ELife, 6, e22974. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22974

eLife

The visual neurosciences have made enormous progress in recent decades‚ in part because of the ability to drive visual areas by their sensory inputs‚ allowing researchers to define visual areas reliably across individuals and across species. Similar strategies for parcellating higher-order cortex have proven elusive. Here‚ using a novel experimental task and nonlinear population receptive field modeling‚ we map and characterize the topographic organization of several regions in human frontoparietal cortex. We discover representations of both polar angle and eccentricity that are organized into clusters‚ similar to visual cortex‚ where multiple gradients of polar angle of the contralateral visual field share a confluent fovea. This is striking because neural activity in frontoparietal cortex is believed to reflect higher-order cognitive functions rather than external sensory processing. Perhaps the spatial topography in frontoparietal cortex parallels the retinotopic organization of sensory cortex to enable an efficient interface between perception and higher-order cognitive processes. Critically‚ these visual maps constitute well-defined anatomical units that future studies of frontoparietal cortex can reliably target.

@article{mackey2017visual, title = {Visual field map clusters in human frontoparietal cortex}, volume = {6}, issn = {2050-084X}, url = {https://elifesciences.org/articles/22974}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.22974}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {eLife}, author = {Mackey, Wayne E and Winawer, Jonathan and Curtis, Clayton E}, month = jun, year = {2017}, pages = {e22974}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.7554/eLife.22974| issn = 2050-084X| volume = 6| pages = –22974| last1 = Mackey| first1 = Wayne E| last2 = Winawer| first2 = Jonathan| last3 = Curtis| first3 = Clayton E| title = Visual field map clusters in human frontoparietal cortex| journal = eLife| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2017-06-19| url = https://elifesciences.org/articles/22974}}

Hoogman, M., Bralten, J., Hibar, D. P., Mennes, M., Zwiers, M. P., Schweren, L. S. J., van Hulzen, K. J. E., Medland, S. E., Shumskaya, E., Jahanshad, N., Zeeuw, P. de, Szekely, E., Sudre, G., Wolfers, T., Onnink, A. M. H., Dammers, J. T., Mostert, J. C., Vives-Gilabert, Y., Kohls, G., … Franke, B. (2017). Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: a cross-sectional mega-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(4), 310–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30049-4

The Lancet Psychiatry

Background: Neuroimaging studies have shown structural alterations in several brain regions in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Through the formation of the international ENIGMA ADHD Working Group‚ we aimed to address weaknesses of previous imaging studies and meta-analyses‚ namely inadequate sample size and methodological heterogeneity. We aimed to investigate whether there are structural differences in children and adults with ADHD compared with those without this diagnosis. Methods: In this cross-sectional mega-analysis‚ we used the data from the international ENIGMA Working Group collaboration‚ which in the present analysis was frozen at Feb 8‚ 2015. Individual sites analysed structural T1-weighted MRI brain scans with harmonised protocols of individuals with ADHD compared with those who do not have this diagnosis. Our primary outcome was to assess case-control differences in subcortical structures and intracranial volume through pooling of all individual data from all cohorts in this collaboration. For this analysis‚ p values were significant at the false discovery rate corrected threshold of p=0·0156. Findings: Our sample comprised 1713 participants with ADHD and 1529 controls from 23 sites with a median age of 14 years (range 4-63 years). The volumes of the accumbens (Cohen’s d=-0·15)‚ amygdala (d=-0·19)‚ caudate (d=-0·11)‚ hippocampus (d=-0·11)‚ putamen (d=-0·14)‚ and intracranial volume (d=-0·10) were smaller in individuals with ADHD compared with controls in the mega-analysis. There was no difference in volume size in the pallidum (p=0·95) and thalamus (p=0·39) between people with ADHD and controls. Exploratory lifespan modelling suggested a delay of maturation and a delay of degeneration‚ as effect sizes were highest in most subgroups of children (<15 years) versus adults (>21 years): in the accumbens (Cohen’s d=-0·19 vs -0·10)‚ amygdala (d=-0·18 vs -0·14)‚ caudate (d=-0·13 vs -0·07)‚ hippocampus (d=-0·12 vs -0·06)‚ putamen (d=-0·18 vs -0·08)‚ and intracranial volume (d=-0·14 vs 0·01). There was no difference between children and adults for the pallidum (p=0·79) or thalamus (p=0·89). Case-control differences in adults were non-significant (all p>0·03). Psychostimulant medication use (all p>0·15) or symptom scores (all p>0·02) did not influence results‚ nor did the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders (all p>0·5). Interpretation: With the largest dataset to date‚ we add new knowledge about bilateral amygdala‚ accumbens‚ and hippocampus reductions in ADHD. We extend the brain maturation delay theory for ADHD to include subcortical structures and refute medication effects on brain volume suggested by earlier meta-analyses. Lifespan analyses suggest that‚ in the absence of well powered longitudinal studies‚ the ENIGMA cross-sectional sample across six decades of ages provides a means to generate hypotheses about lifespan trajectories in brain phenotypes.

@article{hoogman2017subcortical, title = {Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: a cross-sectional mega-analysis}, volume = {4}, issn = {22150366}, shorttitle = {Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2215036617300494}, doi = {10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30049-4}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {The Lancet Psychiatry}, author = {Hoogman, Martine and Bralten, Janita and Hibar, Derrek P and Mennes, Maarten and Zwiers, Marcel P and Schweren, Lizanne S J and van Hulzen, Kimm J E and Medland, Sarah E and Shumskaya, Elena and Jahanshad, Neda and Zeeuw, Patrick de and Szekely, Eszter and Sudre, Gustavo and Wolfers, Thomas and Onnink, Alberdingk M H and Dammers, Janneke T and Mostert, Jeanette C and Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda and Kohls, Gregor and Oberwelland, Eileen and Seitz, Jochen and Schulte-Rüther, Martin and Ambrosino, Sara and Doyle, Alysa E and Høvik, Marie F and Dramsdahl, Margaretha and Tamm, Leanne and van Erp, Theo G M and Dale, Anders and Schork, Andrew and Conzelmann, Annette and Zierhut, Kathrin and Baur, Ramona and McCarthy, Hazel and Yoncheva, Yuliya N and Cubillo, Ana and Chantiluke, Kaylita and Mehta, Mitul A and Paloyelis, Yannis and Hohmann, Sarah and Baumeister, Sarah and Bramati, Ivanei and Mattos, Paulo and Tovar-Moll, Fernanda and Douglas, Pamela and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Kuntsi, Jonna and Asherson, Philip and Rubia, Katya and Kelly, Clare and Martino, Adriana Di and Milham, Michael P and Castellanos, Francisco X and Frodl, Thomas and Zentis, Mariam and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Reif, Andreas and Pauli, Paul and Jernigan, Terry L and Haavik, Jan and Plessen, Kerstin J and Lundervold, Astri J and Hugdahl, Kenneth and Seidman, Larry J and Biederman, Joseph and Rommelse, Nanda and Heslenfeld, Dirk J and Hartman, Catharina A and Hoekstra, Pieter J and Oosterlaan, Jaap and Polier, Georg von and Konrad, Kerstin and Vilarroya, Oscar and Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni and Soliva, Joan Carles and Durston, Sarah and Buitelaar, Jan K and Faraone, Stephen V and Shaw, Philip and Thompson, Paul M and Franke, Barbara}, month = apr, year = {2017}, pages = {310--319}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30049-4| issn = 22150366| volume = 4| issue = 4| pages = 310–319| last1 = Hoogman| first1 = Martine| last2 = Bralten| first2 = Janita| last3 = Hibar| first3 = Derrek P| last4 = Mennes| first4 = Maarten| last5 = Zwiers| first5 = Marcel P| last6 = Schweren| first6 = Lizanne S J| last7 = van Hulzen| first7 = Kimm J E| last8 = Medland| first8 = Sarah E| last9 = Shumskaya| first9 = Elena| last10 = Jahanshad| first10 = Neda| last11 = Zeeuw| first11 = Patrick de| last12 = Szekely| first12 = Eszter| last13 = Sudre| first13 = Gustavo| last14 = Wolfers| first14 = Thomas| last15 = Onnink| first15 = Alberdingk M H| last16 = Dammers| first16 = Janneke T| last17 = Mostert| first17 = Jeanette C| last18 = Vives-Gilabert| first18 = Yolanda| last19 = Kohls| first19 = Gregor| last20 = Oberwelland| first20 = Eileen| last21 = Seitz| first21 = Jochen| last22 = Schulte-Rüther| first22 = Martin| last23 = Ambrosino| first23 = Sara| last24 = Doyle| first24 = Alysa E| last25 = Høvik| first25 = Marie F| last26 = Dramsdahl| first26 = Margaretha| last27 = Tamm| first27 = Leanne| last28 = van Erp| first28 = Theo G M| last29 = Dale| first29 = Anders| last30 = Schork| first30 = Andrew| last31 = Conzelmann| first31 = Annette| last32 = Zierhut| first32 = Kathrin| last33 = Baur| first33 = Ramona| last34 = McCarthy| first34 = Hazel| last35 = Yoncheva| first35 = Yuliya N| last36 = Cubillo| first36 = Ana| last37 = Chantiluke| first37 = Kaylita| last38 = Mehta| first38 = Mitul A| last39 = Paloyelis| first39 = Yannis| last40 = Hohmann| first40 = Sarah| last41 = Baumeister| first41 = Sarah| last42 = Bramati| first42 = Ivanei| last43 = Mattos| first43 = Paulo| last44 = Tovar-Moll| first44 = Fernanda| last45 = Douglas| first45 = Pamela| last46 = Banaschewski| first46 = Tobias| last47 = Brandeis| first47 = Daniel| last48 = Kuntsi| first48 = Jonna| last49 = Asherson| first49 = Philip| last50 = Rubia| first50 = Katya| last51 = Kelly| first51 = Clare| last52 = Martino| first52 = Adriana Di| last53 = Milham| first53 = Michael P| last54 = Castellanos| first54 = Francisco X| last55 = Frodl| first55 = Thomas| last56 = Zentis| first56 = Mariam| last57 = Lesch| first57 = Klaus-Peter| last58 = Reif| first58 = Andreas| last59 = Pauli| first59 = Paul| last60 = Jernigan| first60 = Terry L| last61 = Haavik| first61 = Jan| last62 = Plessen| first62 = Kerstin J| last63 = Lundervold| first63 = Astri J| last64 = Hugdahl| first64 = Kenneth| last65 = Seidman| first65 = Larry J| last66 = Biederman| first66 = Joseph| last67 = Rommelse| first67 = Nanda| last68 = Heslenfeld| first68 = Dirk J| last69 = Hartman| first69 = Catharina A| last70 = Hoekstra| first70 = Pieter J| last71 = Oosterlaan| first71 = Jaap| last72 = Polier| first72 = Georg von| last73 = Konrad| first73 = Kerstin| last74 = Vilarroya| first74 = Oscar| last75 = Ramos-Quiroga| first75 = Josep Antoni| last76 = Soliva| first76 = Joan Carles| last77 = Durston| first77 = Sarah| last78 = Buitelaar| first78 = Jan K| last79 = Faraone| first79 = Stephen V| last80 = Shaw| first80 = Philip| last81 = Thompson| first81 = Paul M| last82 = Franke| first82 = Barbara| title = Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: a cross-sectional mega-analysis| journal = The Lancet Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2017-04| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2215036617300494}}

2016

Cortese, S., Castellanos, F. X., Eickhoff, C. R., D’Acunto, G., Masi, G., Fox, P. T., Laird, A. R., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2016). Functional Decoding and Meta-analytic Connectivity Modeling in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 80(12), 896–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.014

Biological Psychiatry

Background Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have revealed various ADHD-related dysfunctional brain regions‚ with heterogeneous findings across studies. Here‚ we used novel meta-analytic data-driven approaches to characterize the function and connectivity profile of ADHD-related dysfunctional regions consistently detected across studies. Methods We first conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of 24 task-based fMRI studies in adults with ADHD. Each ADHD-related dysfunctional region resulting from the activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis was then analyzed using functional decoding based on \textasciitilde7500 fMRI experiments in the BrainMap database. This approach allows mapping brain regions to functions not necessarily tested in individual studies‚ thus suggesting possible novel functions for those regions. Additionally‚ ADHD-related dysfunctional regions were clustered based on their functional coactivation profiles across all the experiments stored in BrainMap (meta-analytic connectivity modeling). Results ADHD-related hypoactivation was found in the left putamen‚ left inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis)‚ left temporal pole‚ and right caudate. Functional decoding mapped the left putamen to cognitive aspects of music perception/reproduction and the left temporal lobe to language semantics; both these regions clustered together on the basis of their meta-analytic functional connectivity. Left inferior gyrus mapped to executive function tasks; right caudate mapped to both executive function tasks and music-related processes. Conclusions Our study provides meta-analytic support to the hypothesis that‚ in addition to well-known deficits in typical executive functions‚ impairment in processes related to music perception/reproduction and language semantics may be involved in the pathophysiology of adult ADHD.

@article{cortese2016functional, title = {Functional {Decoding} and {Meta}-analytic {Connectivity} {Modeling} in {Adult} {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder}}, volume = {80}, issn = {00063223}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322316325264}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.014}, language = {en}, number = {12}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, author = {Cortese, Samuele and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Eickhoff, Claudia R. and D’Acunto, Giulia and Masi, Gabriele and Fox, Peter T. and Laird, Angela R. and Eickhoff, Simon B.}, month = dec, year = {2016}, pages = {896--904}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.014| issn = 00063223| volume = 80| issue = 12| pages = 896–904| last1 = Cortese| first1 = Samuele| last2 = Castellanos| first2 = F. Xavier| last3 = Eickhoff| first3 = Claudia R.| last4 = D’Acunto| first4 = Giulia| last5 = Masi| first5 = Gabriele| last6 = Fox| first6 = Peter T.| last7 = Laird| first7 = Angela R.| last8 = Eickhoff| first8 = Simon B.| title = Functional Decoding and Meta-analytic Connectivity Modeling in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder| journal = Biological Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2016-12| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322316325264}}

Hawellek, D. J., Wong, Y. T., & Pesaran, B. (2016). Temporal coding of reward-guided choice in the posterior parietal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(47), 13492–13497. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606479113

ISBN: 0027-8424 Publisher: National Acad Sciences

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Making a decision involves computations across distributed cortical and subcortical networks. How such distributed processing is performed remains unclear. We test how the encoding of choice in a key decision-making node‚ the posterior parietal cortex (PPC)‚ depends on the temporal structure of the surrounding population activity. We recorded spiking and local field potential (LFP) activity in the PPC while two rhesus macaques performed a decision-making task. We quantified the mutual information that neurons carried about an upcoming choice and its dependence on LFP activity. The spiking of PPC neurons was correlated with LFP phases at three distinct time scales in the theta‚ beta‚ and gamma frequency bands. Importantly‚ activity at these time scales encoded upcoming decisions differently. Choice information contained in neural firing varied with the phase of beta and gamma activity. For gamma activity‚ maximum choice information occurred at the same phase as the maximum spike count. However‚ for beta activity‚ choice information and spike count were greatest at different phases. In contrast‚ theta activity did not modulate the encoding properties of PPC units directly but was correlated with beta and gamma activity through cross-frequency coupling. We propose that the relative timing of local spiking and choice information reveals temporal reference frames for computations in either local or large-scale decision networks. Differences between the timing of task information and activity patterns may be a general signature of distributed processing across large-scale networks.

url

@article{hawellek2016temporal, title = {Temporal coding of reward-guided choice in the posterior parietal cortex}, volume = {113}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1606479113}, number = {47}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author = {Hawellek, David J. and Wong, Yan T. and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2016}, note = {ISBN: 0027-8424 Publisher: National Acad Sciences}, pages = {13492--13497}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1073/pnas.1606479113| volume = 113| issue = 47| pages = 13492–13497| last1 = Hawellek| first1 = David J.| last2 = Wong| first2 = Yan T.| last3 = Pesaran| first3 = Bijan| title = Temporal coding of reward-guided choice in the posterior parietal cortex| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| date = 2016}}

Wong, Y. T., Fabiszak, M. M., Novikov, Y., Daw, N. D., & Pesaran, B. (2016). Coherent neuronal ensembles are rapidly recruited when making a look-reach decision. Nature Neuroscience, 19(2), 327–334. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4210

ISBN: 1546-1726 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group

Nature neuroscience

Selecting and planning actions recruits neurons across many areas of the brain‚ but how ensembles of neurons work together to make decisions is unknown. Temporally coherent neural activity may provide a mechanism by which neurons coordinate their activity to make decisions. If so‚ neurons that are part of coherent ensembles may predict movement choices before other ensembles of neurons. We recorded neuronal activity in the lateral and medial banks of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) of the posterior parietal cortex while monkeys made choices about where to look and reach. We decoded the activity to predict the choices. Ensembles of neurons that displayed coherent patterns of spiking activity extending across the IPS–’dual-coherent’ ensembles–predicted movement choices substantially earlier than other neuronal ensembles. We propose that dual-coherent spike timing reflects interactions between groups of neurons that are important to decisions.

url

@article{wong2016coherent, title = {Coherent neuronal ensembles are rapidly recruited when making a look-reach decision}, volume = {19}, doi = {10.1038/nn.4210}, number = {2}, journal = {Nature neuroscience}, author = {Wong, Yan T. and Fabiszak, Margaret M. and Novikov, Yevgeny and Daw, Nathaniel D. and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2016}, note = {ISBN: 1546-1726 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group}, pages = {327--334}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/nn.4210| volume = 19| issue = 2| pages = 327–334| last1 = Wong| first1 = Yan T.| last2 = Fabiszak| first2 = Margaret M.| last3 = Novikov| first3 = Yevgeny| last4 = Daw| first4 = Nathaniel D.| last5 = Pesaran| first5 = Bijan| title = Coherent neuronal ensembles are rapidly recruited when making a look-reach decision| journal = Nature neuroscience| date = 2016}}

Dugué, L., Roberts, M., & Carrasco, M. (2016). Attention reorients periodically. Current Biology, 26(12), 1595–1601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.046

ISBN: 0960-9822 Publisher: Elsevier

Current Biology

Reorienting of voluntary attention enables the processing of stimuli at previously unattended locations. Although studies have identified a ventral fronto-parietal network underlying attention [1‚ 2]‚ little is known about whether and how early visual areas are involved in involuntary [3‚ 4] and even less in voluntary [5] reorienting‚ and their temporal dynamics are unknown. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the occipital cortex to interfere with attentional reorienting and study its role and temporal dynamics in this process. Human observers performed an orientation discrimination task‚ with either valid or invalid attention cueing‚ across a range of stimulus contrasts. Valid cueing induced a behavioral response gain increase‚ higher asymptotic performance for attended than unattended locations. During subsequent TMS sessions‚ observers performed the same task‚ with high stimulus contrast. Based on phosphene mapping‚ TMS double pulses were applied at one of various delays to a consistent brain location in retinotopic areas (V1/V2)‚ corresponding to the evoked signal of the target or distractor‚ in a valid or invalid trial. Thus‚ the stimulation was identical for the four experimental conditions (valid/invalid cue condition × target/distractor-stimulated). TMS modulation of the target and distractor were both periodic (5 Hz‚ theta) and out of phase with respect to each other in invalid trials only‚ when attention had to be disengaged from the distractor and reoriented to the target location. Reorientation of voluntary attention periodically involves V1/V2 at the theta frequency. These results suggest that TMS probes theta phase-reset by attentional reorienting and help link periodic sampling in time and attention reorienting in space.

url

@article{dugue2016attention, title = {Attention reorients periodically}, volume = {26}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.046}, number = {12}, journal = {Current Biology}, author = {Dugué, Laura and Roberts, Mariel and Carrasco, Marisa}, year = {2016}, note = {ISBN: 0960-9822 Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {1595--1601}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.046| volume = 26| issue = 12| pages = 1595–1601| last1 = Dugué| first1 = Laura| last2 = Roberts| first2 = Mariel| last3 = Carrasco| first3 = Marisa| title = Attention reorients periodically| journal = Current Biology| date = 2016}}

Tian, X., Zarate, J. M., & Poeppel, D. (2016). Mental imagery of speech implicates two mechanisms of perceptual reactivation. Cortex, 77, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.002

ISBN: 0010-9452 Publisher: Elsevier

Cortex

Sensory cortices can be activated without any external stimuli. Yet‚ it is still unclear how this perceptual reactivation occurs and which neural structures mediate this reconstruction process. In this study‚ we employed fMRI with mental imagery paradigms to investigate the neural networks involved in perceptual reactivation. Subjects performed two speech imagery tasks: articulation imagery (AI) and hearing imagery (HI). We found that AI induced greater activity in frontal-parietal sensorimotor systems‚ including sensorimotor cortex‚ subcentral (BA 43)‚ middle frontal cortex (BA 46) and parietal operculum (PO)‚ whereas HI showed stronger activation in regions that have been implicated in memory retrieval: middle frontal (BA 8)‚ inferior parietal cortex and intraparietal sulcus. Moreover‚ posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG) was activated more in AI compared with HI‚ suggesting that covert motor processes induced stronger perceptual reactivation in the auditory cortices. These results suggest that motor-to-perceptual transformation and memory retrieval act as two complementary mechanisms to internally reconstruct corresponding perceptual outcomes. These two mechanisms can serve as a neurocomputational foundation for predicting perceptual changes‚ either via a previously learned relationship between actions and their perceptual consequences or via stored perceptual experiences of stimulus and episodic or contextual regularity.

url

@article{tian2016mental, title = {Mental imagery of speech implicates two mechanisms of perceptual reactivation}, volume = {77}, doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.002}, journal = {Cortex}, author = {Tian, Xing and Zarate, Jean Mary and Poeppel, David}, year = {2016}, note = {ISBN: 0010-9452 Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {1--12}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.002| volume = 77| pages = 1–12| last1 = Tian| first1 = Xing| last2 = Zarate| first2 = Jean Mary| last3 = Poeppel| first3 = David| title = Mental imagery of speech implicates two mechanisms of perceptual reactivation| journal = Cortex| date = 2016}}

Qiao, S., Brown, K. A., Orsborn, A. L., Ferrentino, B., & Pesaran, B. (2016). Development of semi-chronic microdrive system for large-scale circuit mapping in macaque mesolimbic and basal ganglia systems. 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 5825–5828. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2016.7592052

The development of novel neurotechnologies for treating refractory neuropsychiatry disorders depends on understanding and manipulating the dynamics of neural circuits across large-scale brain networks. The mesolimbic pathway plays an essential role in reward processing and mood regulation and disorders of this pathway underlie many neuropsychiatric disorders. Here‚ we present the design of a customized semi-chronic microdrive array that precisely targets the anatomical structures of non-human primate (NHP) mesolimbic and basal ganglia systems. We present an integrated experimental paradigm that uses this device to map and manipulate large-scale neural circuits. The system combines electrophysiology‚ spatiotemporal multisite patterned intracortical microstimulation (ICMS)‚ and diffusion tractography. We propose that this system provides a flexible platform for exploring and identifying neural signatures which can serve as novel targets for closed-loop stimulation in the clinical treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

url

@inproceedings{qiao2016development, title = {Development of semi-chronic microdrive system for large-scale circuit mapping in macaque mesolimbic and basal ganglia systems}, isbn = {1-4577-0220-7}, doi = {10.1109/EMBC.2016.7592052}, booktitle = {2016 38th {Annual} {International} {Conference} of the {IEEE} {Engineering} in {Medicine} and {Biology} {Society} ({EMBC})}, publisher = {IEEE}, author = {Qiao, Shaoyu and Brown, Kevin A. and Orsborn, Amy L. and Ferrentino, Breonna and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2016}, pages = {5825--5828}, }

{{Cite conference| publisher = IEEE| doi = 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7592052| isbn = 1-4577-0220-7| pages = 5825–5828| last1 = Qiao| first1 = Shaoyu| last2 = Brown| first2 = Kevin A.| last3 = Orsborn| first3 = Amy L.| last4 = Ferrentino| first4 = Breonna| last5 = Pesaran| first5 = Bijan| title = Development of semi-chronic microdrive system for large-scale circuit mapping in macaque mesolimbic and basal ganglia systems| booktitle = 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)| date = 2016}}

Yang, Z., Kelly, C., Castellanos, F. X., Leon, T., Milham, M. P., & Adler, L. A. (2016). Neural Correlates of Symptom Improvement Following Stimulant Treatment in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 26(6), 527–536. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2015.0243

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

Objective: The purposes of this study were to examine the impact of 3 weeks of amphetamine administration on intrinsic connectome-wide connectivity patterns in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and explore the association between stimulant-induced symptom improvement and functional connectivity alteration. Methods: Participants included 19 adults (age 20–55 years) diagnosed with ADHD using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‚ 4th ed.‚ Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria per the Adult Clinician Diagnostic Scale taking part in amphetamine trials. For each patient‚ two 6-minute resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) scans were acquired at baseline and after treatment. A fully data-driven multivariate analytic approach (i.e.‚ multivariate distance matrix regression [MDMR]) was applied to R-fMRI data to characterize the distributed pharmacological effects in the entire functional connectome. Clinical efficacy was assessed using ADHD rating scale with adult prompts and the Adult Self-Report Scale v1.1 Symptom Checklist. We linked stimulant-induced functional connectivity changes to symptom amelioration using Spearman’s correlation. Results: Three weeks of administration of a stimulant significantly reduced ADHD symptoms. MDMR-based analyses on R-fMRI data highlighted the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC‚ a key cognitive control region) and the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC‚ the anterior core of default network) whose distributed patterns of functional connectivity across the entire brain were altered by psychostimulants. Follow-up intrinsic functional connectivity revealed that stimulants specifically decreased the positive functional connectivity between DLPFC–insula‚ DLPFC–anterior cingulate cortex‚ and MPFC–insula. Importantly‚ these functional connectivity changes are associated with symptom improvement. Conclusion: These results suggested that ADHD is associated with increased functional integration or decreased functional segregation between core regions of cognitive control‚ default‚ and salience networks. The apparent normalization of intrinsic functional interaction in these circuits (i.e.‚ increased functional segregation) may underlie the clinical benefits produced by 3 weeks of amphetamine treatment.

@article{yang2016neural, title = {Neural {Correlates} of {Symptom} {Improvement} {Following} {Stimulant} {Treatment} in {Adults} with {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder}}, volume = {26}, issn = {1044-5463, 1557-8992}, url = {http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/cap.2015.0243}, doi = {10.1089/cap.2015.0243}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology}, author = {Yang, Zhen and Kelly, Clare and Castellanos, Francisco X. and Leon, Terry and Milham, Michael P. and Adler, Lenard A.}, month = aug, year = {2016}, pages = {527--536}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1089/cap.2015.0243| issn = 1044-5463, 1557-8992| volume = 26| issue = 6| pages = 527–536| last1 = Yang| first1 = Zhen| last2 = Kelly| first2 = Clare| last3 = Castellanos| first3 = Francisco X.| last4 = Leon| first4 = Terry| last5 = Milham| first5 = Michael P.| last6 = Adler| first6 = Lenard A.| title = Neural Correlates of Symptom Improvement Following Stimulant Treatment in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder| journal = Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2016-08| url = http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/cap.2015.0243}}

Yoncheva, Y. N., Somandepalli, K., Reiss, P. T., Kelly, C., Di Martino, A., Lazar, M., Zhou, J., Milham, M. P., & Castellanos, F. X. (2016). Mode of Anisotropy Reveals Global Diffusion Alterations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(2), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.011

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Objective: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can identify structural connectivity alterations in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most ADHD DTI studies have concentrated on regional differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) despite its limited sensitivity to complex white matter architecture and increasing evidence of global brain differences in ADHD. Here‚ we examine multiple DTI metrics in separate samples of children and adults with and without ADHD with a principal focus on global between-group differences. Method: Two samples: adults with ADHD (n = 42) and without (n = 65) and children with ADHD (n = 82) and without (n = 80) were separately group matched for age‚ sex‚ and head motion. Five DTI metrics (FA‚ axial diffusivity‚ radial diffusivity‚ mean diffusivity‚ and mode of anisotropy) were analyzed via tract-based spatial statistics. Group analyses tested for diagnostic differences at the global (averaged across the entire white matter skeleton) and regional level for each metric. Results: Robust global group differences in diffusion indices were found in adults‚ with the largest effect size for mode of anisotropy (MA; Cohen’s d = 1.45). Global MA also differed significantly between groups in the pediatric sample (d = 0.68). In both samples‚ global MA increased classification accuracy compared to the model with clinical Conners’ ADHD ratings alone. Regional diagnostic differences did not survive familywise correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: Global DTI metrics‚ particularly the mode of anisotropy‚ which is sensitive to crossing fibers‚ capture connectivity abnormalities in ADHD across both pediatric and adult samples. These findings highlight potential diffuse white matter microarchitecture differences in ADHD.

@article{yoncheva2016mode, title = {Mode of {Anisotropy} {Reveals} {Global} {Diffusion} {Alterations} in {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder}}, volume = {55}, issn = {08908567}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856715007571}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.011}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child \& Adolescent Psychiatry}, author = {Yoncheva, Yuliya N. and Somandepalli, Krishna and Reiss, Philip T. and Kelly, Clare and Di Martino, Adriana and Lazar, Mariana and Zhou, Juan and Milham, Michael P. and Castellanos, F. Xavier}, month = feb, year = {2016}, pages = {137--145}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.011| issn = 08908567| volume = 55| issue = 2| pages = 137–145| last1 = Yoncheva| first1 = Yuliya N.| last2 = Somandepalli| first2 = Krishna| last3 = Reiss| first3 = Philip T.| last4 = Kelly| first4 = Clare| last5 = Di Martino| first5 = Adriana| last6 = Lazar| first6 = Mariana| last7 = Zhou| first7 = Juan| last8 = Milham| first8 = Michael P.| last9 = Castellanos| first9 = F. Xavier| title = Mode of Anisotropy Reveals Global Diffusion Alterations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder| journal = Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2016-02| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856715007571}}

2015

Winawer, J., & Witthoft, N. (2015). Human V4 and ventral occipital retinotopic maps. Visual Neuroscience, 32, E020. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523815000176

Visual Neuroscience

Vis Neurosci

Abstract The ventral surface of the human occipital lobe contains multiple retinotopic maps. The most posterior of these maps is considered a potential homolog of macaque V4‚ and referred to as human V4 (“hV4”). The location of the hV4 map‚ its retinotopic organization‚ its role in visual encoding‚ and the cortical areas it borders have been the subject of considerable investigation and debate over the last 25 years. We review the history of this map and adjacent maps in ventral occipital cortex‚ and consider the different hypotheses for how these ventral occipital maps are organized. Advances in neuroimaging‚ computational modeling‚ and characterization of the nearby anatomical landmarks and functional brain areas have improved our understanding of where human V4 is and what kind of visual representations it contains.

@article{winawer2015human, title = {Human {V4} and ventral occipital retinotopic maps}, volume = {32}, issn = {0952-5238, 1469-8714}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0952523815000176/type/journal_article}, doi = {10.1017/S0952523815000176}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-04-14}, journal = {Visual Neuroscience}, author = {Winawer, Jonathan and Witthoft, Nathan}, year = {2015}, pages = {E020}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1017/S0952523815000176| issn = 0952-5238, 1469-8714| volume = 32| pages = –020| last1 = Winawer| first1 = Jonathan| last2 = Witthoft| first2 = Nathan| title = Human V4 and ventral occipital retinotopic maps| journal = Visual Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-04-14| date = 2015| url = https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0952523815000176/type/journal_article}}

Ma, Y., Koyama, M. S., Milham, M. P., Castellanos, F. X., Quinn, B. T., Pardoe, H., Wang, X., Kuzniecky, R., Devinsky, O., Thesen, T., & Blackmon, K. (2015). Cortical thickness abnormalities associated with dyslexia, independent of remediation status. NeuroImage: Clinical, 7, 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2014.11.005

NeuroImage: Clinical

Abnormalities in cortical structure are commonly observed in children with dyslexia in key regions of the "reading network." Whether alteration in cortical features reflects pathology inherent to dyslexia or environmental influence (e.g.‚ impoverished reading experience) remains unclear. To address this question‚ we compared MRI-derived metrics of cortical thickness (CT)‚ surface area (SA)‚ gray matter volume (GMV)‚ and their lateralization across three different groups of children with a historical diagnosis of dyslexia‚ who varied in current reading level. We compared three dyslexia subgroups with: (1) persistent reading and spelling impairment; (2) remediated reading impairment (normal reading scores)‚ and (3) remediated reading and spelling impairments (normal reading and spelling scores); and a control group of (4) typically developing children. All groups were matched for age‚ gender‚ handedness‚ and IQ. We hypothesized that the dyslexia group would show cortical abnormalities in regions of the reading network relative to controls‚ irrespective of remediation status. Such a finding would support that cortical abnormalities are inherent to dyslexia and are not a consequence of abnormal reading experience. Results revealed increased CT of the left fusiform gyrus in the dyslexia group relative to controls. Similarly‚ the dyslexia group showed CT increase of the right superior temporal gyrus‚ extending into the planum temporale‚ which resulted in a rightward CT asymmetry on lateralization indices. There were no group differences in SA‚ GMV‚ or their lateralization. These findings held true regardless of remediation status. Each reading level group showed the same "double hit" of atypically increased left fusiform CT and rightward superior temporal CT asymmetry. Thus‚ findings provide evidence that a developmental history of dyslexia is associated with CT abnormalities‚ independent of remediation status.

@article{ma2015cortical, title = {Cortical thickness abnormalities associated with dyslexia, independent of remediation status}, volume = {7}, issn = {22131582}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2213158214001697}, doi = {10.1016/j.nicl.2014.11.005}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-04-14}, journal = {NeuroImage: Clinical}, author = {Ma, Yizhou and Koyama, Maki S. and Milham, Michael P. and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Quinn, Brian T. and Pardoe, Heath and Wang, Xiuyuan and Kuzniecky, Ruben and Devinsky, Orrin and Thesen, Thomas and Blackmon, Karen}, year = {2015}, pages = {177--186}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.11.005| issn = 22131582| volume = 7| pages = 177–186| last1 = Ma| first1 = Yizhou| last2 = Koyama| first2 = Maki S.| last3 = Milham| first3 = Michael P.| last4 = Castellanos| first4 = F. Xavier| last5 = Quinn| first5 = Brian T.| last6 = Pardoe| first6 = Heath| last7 = Wang| first7 = Xiuyuan| last8 = Kuzniecky| first8 = Ruben| last9 = Devinsky| first9 = Orrin| last10 = Thesen| first10 = Thomas| last11 = Blackmon| first11 = Karen| title = Cortical thickness abnormalities associated with dyslexia, independent of remediation status| journal = NeuroImage: Clinical| accessdate = 2021-04-14| date = 2015| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2213158214001697}}

Brouwer, G. J., Arnedo, V., Offen, S., Heeger, D. J., & Grant, A. C. (2015). Normalization in human somatosensory cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 114(5), 2588–2599. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00939.2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure activity in human somatosensory cortex and to test for cross-digit suppression. Subjects received stimulation (vibration of varying amplitudes) to the right thumb (target) with or without concurrent stimulation of the right middle finger (mask). Subjects were less sensitive to target stimulation (psychophysical detection thresholds were higher) when target and mask digits were stimulated concurrently compared with when the target was stimulated in isolation. fMRI voxels in a region of the left postcentral gyrus each responded when either digit was stimulated. A regression model (called a forward model) was used to separate the fMRI measurements from these voxels into two hypothetical channels‚ each of which responded selectively to only one of the two digits. For the channel tuned to the target digit‚ responses in the left postcentral gyrus increased with target stimulus amplitude but were suppressed by concurrent stimulation to the mask digit‚ evident as a shift in the gain of the response functions. For the channel tuned to the mask digit‚ a constant baseline response was evoked for all target amplitudes when the mask was absent and responses decreased with increasing target amplitude when the mask was concurrently presented. A computational model based on divisive normalization provided a good fit to the measurements for both mask-absent and target + mask stimulation. We conclude that the normalization model can explain cross-digit suppression in human somatosensory cortex‚ supporting the hypothesis that normalization is a canonical neural computation.

@article{brouwer2015normalization, title = {Normalization in human somatosensory cortex}, volume = {114}, issn = {0022-3077, 1522-1598}, url = {https://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/jn.00939.2014}, doi = {10.1152/jn.00939.2014}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2021-02-26}, journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology}, author = {Brouwer, Gijs Joost and Arnedo, Vanessa and Offen, Shani and Heeger, David J. and Grant, Arthur C.}, month = nov, year = {2015}, pages = {2588--2599}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1152/jn.00939.2014| issn = 0022-3077, 1522-1598| volume = 114| issue = 5| pages = 2588–2599| last1 = Brouwer| first1 = Gijs Joost| last2 = Arnedo| first2 = Vanessa| last3 = Offen| first3 = Shani| last4 = Heeger| first4 = David J.| last5 = Grant| first5 = Arthur C.| title = Normalization in human somatosensory cortex| journal = Journal of Neurophysiology| accessdate = 2021-02-26| date = 2015-11| url = https://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/jn.00939.2014}}

Somandepalli, K., Kelly, C., Reiss, P. T., Zuo, X.-N., Craddock, R. C., Yan, C.-G., Petkova, E., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P., & Di Martino, A. (2015). Short-term test–retest reliability of resting state fMRI metrics in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.08.003

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

To date‚ only one study has examined test-retest reliability of resting state fMRI (R-fMRI) in children‚ none in clinical developing groups. Here‚ we assessed short-term test-retest reliability in a sample of 46 children (11-17.9 years) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 57 typically developing children (TDC). Our primary test-retest reliability measure was the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)‚ quantified for a range of R-fMRI metrics. We aimed to (1) survey reliability within and across diagnostic groups‚ and (2) compare voxel-wise ICC between groups. We found moderate-to-high ICC across all children and within groups‚ with higher-order functional networks showing greater ICC. Nearly all R-fMRI metrics exhibited significantly higher ICC in TDC than in children with ADHD for one or more regions. In particular‚ posterior cingulate and ventral precuneus exhibited group differences in ICC across multiple measures. In the context of overall moderate-to-high test-retest reliability in children‚ regional differences in ICC related to diagnostic groups likely reflect the underlying pathophysiology for ADHD. Our currently limited understanding of the factors contributing to inter- and intra-subject variability in ADHD underscores the need for large initiatives aimed at examining their impact on test-retest reliability in both clinical and developing populations.

@article{somandepalli2015short-term, title = {Short-term test–retest reliability of resting state {fMRI} metrics in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder}, volume = {15}, issn = {18789293}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1878929315000821}, doi = {10.1016/j.dcn.2015.08.003}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience}, author = {Somandepalli, Krishna and Kelly, Clare and Reiss, Philip T. and Zuo, Xi-Nian and Craddock, R.C. and Yan, Chao-Gan and Petkova, Eva and Castellanos, F.X. and Milham, Michael P. and Di Martino, Adriana}, month = oct, year = {2015}, pages = {83--93}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.08.003| issn = 18789293| volume = 15| pages = 83–93| last1 = Somandepalli| first1 = Krishna| last2 = Kelly| first2 = Clare| last3 = Reiss| first3 = Philip T.| last4 = Zuo| first4 = Xi-Nian| last5 = Craddock| first5 = R.C.| last6 = Yan| first6 = Chao-Gan| last7 = Petkova| first7 = Eva| last8 = Castellanos| first8 = F.X.| last9 = Milham| first9 = Michael P.| last10 = Di Martino| first10 = Adriana| title = Short-term test–retest reliability of resting state fMRI metrics in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder| journal = Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2015-10| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1878929315000821}}

Yang, Z., Jutagir, D. R., Koyama, M. S., Craddock, R. C., Yan, C.-G., Shehzad, Z., Castellanos, F. X., Di Martino, A., & Milham, M. P. (2015). Intrinsic brain indices of verbal working memory capacity in children and adolescents. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.07.007

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Working memory (WM) is central to the acquisition of knowledge and skills throughout childhood and adolescence. While numerous behavioral and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have examined WM development‚ few have used resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI). Here‚ we present a systematic R-fMRI examination of age-related differences in the neural indices of verbal WM performance in a cross-sectional pediatric sample (ages: 7-17; n=68)‚ using data-driven approaches. Verbal WM capacity was measured with the digit span task‚ a commonly used educational and clinical assessment. We found distinct neural indices of digit span forward (DSF) and backward (DSB) performance‚ reflecting their unique neuropsychological demands. Regardless of age‚ DSB performance was related to intrinsic properties of brain areas previously implicated in attention and cognitive control‚ while DSF performance was related to areas less commonly implicated in verbal WM storage (precuneus‚ lateral visual areas). From a developmental perspective‚ DSF exhibited more robust age-related differences in brain-behavior relationships than DSB‚ and implicated a broader range of networks (ventral attention‚ default‚ somatomotor‚ limbic networks)–including a number of regions not commonly associated with verbal WM (angular gyrus‚ subcallosum). These results highlight the importance of examining the neurodevelopment of verbal WM and of considering regions beyond the "usual suspects".

@article{yang2015intrinsic, title = {Intrinsic brain indices of verbal working memory capacity in children and adolescents}, volume = {15}, issn = {18789293}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1878929315000729}, doi = {10.1016/j.dcn.2015.07.007}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience}, author = {Yang, Zhen and Jutagir, Devika R. and Koyama, Maki S. and Craddock, R. Cameron and Yan, Chao-Gan and Shehzad, Zarrar and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Di Martino, Adriana and Milham, Michael P.}, month = oct, year = {2015}, pages = {67--82}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.07.007| issn = 18789293| volume = 15| pages = 67–82| last1 = Yang| first1 = Zhen| last2 = Jutagir| first2 = Devika R.| last3 = Koyama| first3 = Maki S.| last4 = Craddock| first4 = R. Cameron| last5 = Yan| first5 = Chao-Gan| last6 = Shehzad| first6 = Zarrar| last7 = Castellanos| first7 = F. Xavier| last8 = Di Martino| first8 = Adriana| last9 = Milham| first9 = Michael P.| title = Intrinsic brain indices of verbal working memory capacity in children and adolescents| journal = Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2015-10| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1878929315000729}}

Arnal, L. H., Doelling, K. B., & Poeppel, D. (2015). Delta–Beta Coupled Oscillations Underlie Temporal Prediction Accuracy. Cerebral Cortex, 25(9), 3077–3085. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhu103

Cerebral Cortex

Cereb. Cortex

The ability to generate temporal predictions is fundamental for adaptive behavior. Precise timing at the time-scale of seconds is critical‚ for instance to predict trajectories or to select relevant information. What mechanisms form the basis for such accurate timing? Recent evidence suggests that (1) temporal predictions adjust sensory selection by controlling neural oscillations in time and (2) the motor system plays an active role in inferring “when” events will happen. We hypothesized that oscillations in the delta and beta bands are instrumental in predicting the occurrence of auditory targets. Participants listened to brief rhythmic tone sequences and detected target delays while undergoing magnetoencephalography recording. Prior to target occurrence‚ we found that coupled delta (1–3 Hz) and beta (18–22 Hz) oscillations temporally align with upcoming targets and bias decisions towards correct responses‚ suggesting that delta–beta coupled oscillations underpin prediction accuracy. Subsequent to target occurrence‚ subjects update their decisions using the magnitude of the alpha-band (10–14 Hz) response as internal evidence of target timing. These data support a model in which the orchestration of oscillatory dynamics between sensory and motor systems is exploited to accurately select sensory information in time.

@article{arnal2015deltabeta, title = {Delta–{Beta} {Coupled} {Oscillations} {Underlie} {Temporal} {Prediction} {Accuracy}}, volume = {25}, issn = {1047-3211, 1460-2199}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/cercor/bhu103}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhu103}, language = {en}, number = {9}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, author = {Arnal, Luc H. and Doelling, Keith B. and Poeppel, David}, month = sep, year = {2015}, pages = {3077--3085}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cercor/bhu103| issn = 1047-3211, 1460-2199| volume = 25| issue = 9| pages = 3077–3085| last1 = Arnal| first1 = Luc H.| last2 = Doelling| first2 = Keith B.| last3 = Poeppel| first3 = David| title = Delta–Beta Coupled Oscillations Underlie Temporal Prediction Accuracy| journal = Cerebral Cortex| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2015-09| url = https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/cercor/bhu103}}

Markowitz, D. A., Curtis, C. E., & Pesaran, B. (2015). Multiple component networks support working memory in prefrontal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(35), 11084–11089. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504172112

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

Lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) is regarded as the hub of the brain’s working memory (WM) system‚ but it remains unclear whether WM is supported by a single distributed network or multiple specialized network components in this region. To investigate this problem‚ we recorded from neurons in PFC while monkeys made delayed eye movements guided by memory or vision. We show that neuronal responses during these tasks map to three anatomically specific modes of persistent activity. The first two modes encode early and late forms of information storage‚ whereas the third mode encodes response preparation. Neurons that reflect these modes are concentrated at different anatomical locations in PFC and exhibit distinct patterns of coordinated firing rates and spike timing during WM‚ consistent with distinct networks. These findings support multiple component models of WM and consequently predict distinct failures that could contribute to neurologic dysfunction.

@article{markowitz2015multiple, title = {Multiple component networks support working memory in prefrontal cortex}, volume = {112}, issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490}, url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1504172112}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1504172112}, language = {en}, number = {35}, urldate = {2021-04-14}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author = {Markowitz, David A. and Curtis, Clayton E. and Pesaran, Bijan}, month = sep, year = {2015}, pages = {11084--11089}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1073/pnas.1504172112| issn = 0027-8424, 1091-6490| volume = 112| issue = 35| pages = 11084–11089| last1 = Markowitz| first1 = David A.| last2 = Curtis| first2 = Clayton E.| last3 = Pesaran| first3 = Bijan| title = Multiple component networks support working memory in prefrontal cortex| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| accessdate = 2021-04-14| date = 2015-09-01| url = http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1504172112}}

Arnal, L. H., Flinker, A., Kleinschmidt, A., Giraud, A.-L., & Poeppel, D. (2015). Human screams occupy a privileged niche in the communication soundscape. Current Biology: CB, 25(15), 2051–2056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.043

PMID: 26190070 PMCID: PMC4562283

Current biology: CB

Curr Biol

Screaming is arguably one of the most relevant communication signals for survival in humans. Despite their practical relevance and their theoretical significance as innate [1] and virtually universal [2‚ 3] vocalizations‚ what makes screams a unique signal and how they are processed is not known. Here‚ we use acoustic analyses‚ psychophysical experiments‚ and neuroimaging to isolate those features that confer to screams their alarming nature‚ and we track their processing in the human brain. Using the modulation power spectrum (MPS [4‚ 5])‚ a recently developed‚ neurally informed characterization of sounds‚ we demonstrate that human screams cluster within restricted portion of the acoustic space (between ∼30 and 150 Hz modulation rates) that corresponds to a well-known perceptual attribute‚ roughness. In contrast to the received view that roughness is irrelevant for communication [6]‚ our data reveal that the acoustic space occupied by the rough vocal regime is segregated from other signals‚ including speech‚ a pre-requisite to avoid false alarms in normal vocal communication. We show that roughness is present in natural alarm signals as well as in artificial alarms and that the presence of roughness in sounds boosts their detection in various tasks. Using fMRI‚ we show that acoustic roughness engages subcortical structures critical to rapidly appraise danger. Altogether‚ these data demonstrate that screams occupy a privileged acoustic niche that‚ being separated from other communication signals‚ ensures their biological and ultimately social efficiency.

url

@article{arnal2015human, title = {Human screams occupy a privileged niche in the communication soundscape}, volume = {25}, issn = {1879-0445}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.043}, language = {eng}, number = {15}, journal = {Current biology: CB}, author = {Arnal, Luc H. and Flinker, Adeen and Kleinschmidt, Andreas and Giraud, Anne-Lise and Poeppel, David}, month = aug, year = {2015}, pmid = {26190070}, pmcid = {PMC4562283}, keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Sound, Speech Acoustics, Speech Intelligibility, Speech Perception, Young Adult}, pages = {2051--2056}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.043| issn = 1879-0445| volume = 25| issue = 15| pages = 2051–2056| last1 = Arnal| first1 = Luc H.| last2 = Flinker| first2 = Adeen| last3 = Kleinschmidt| first3 = Andreas| last4 = Giraud| first4 = Anne-Lise| last5 = Poeppel| first5 = David| title = Human screams occupy a privileged niche in the communication soundscape| journal = Current biology: CB| date = 2015-08-03| pmid = 26190070| pmc = PMC4562283}}

Khaw, M. W., Grab, D. A., Livermore, M. A., Vossler, C. A., & Glimcher, P. W. (2015). The Measurement of Subjective Value and Its Relation to Contingent Valuation and Environmental Public Goods. PLOS ONE, 10(7), e0132842. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132842

PLOS ONE

PLoS ONE

Environmental public goods—including national parks‚ clean air/water‚ and ecosystem services—provide substantial benefits on a global scale. These goods have unique characteristics in that they are typically “nonmarket” goods‚ with values from both use and passive use that accrue to a large number of individuals both in current and future generations. In this study‚ we test the hypothesis that neural signals in areas correlated with subjective valuations for essentially all other previously studied categories of goods (ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum) also correlate with environmental valuations. We use contingent valuation (CV) as our behavioral tool for measuring valuations of environmental public goods. CV is a standard stated preference approach that presents survey respondents with information on an issue and asks questions that help policymakers determine how much citizens are willing to pay for a public good or policy. We scanned human subjects while they viewed environmental proposals‚ along with three other classes of goods. The presentation of all four classes of goods yielded robust and similar patterns of temporally synchronized brain activation within attentional networks. The activations associated with the traditional classes of goods replicate previous correlations between neural activity in valuation areas and behavioral preferences. In contrast‚ CV-elicited values for environmental proposals did not correlate with brain activity at either the individual or population level. For a sub-population of participants‚ CV-elicited values were correlated with activity within the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex‚ a region associated with cognitive control and shifting decision strategies. The results show that neural activity associated with the subjective valuation of environmental proposals differs profoundly from the neural activity associated with previously examined goods and preference measures.

@article{khaw2015measurement, title = {The {Measurement} of {Subjective} {Value} and {Its} {Relation} to {Contingent} {Valuation} and {Environmental} {Public} {Goods}}, volume = {10}, issn = {1932-6203}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132842}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0132842}, language = {en}, number = {7}, urldate = {2021-02-26}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, author = {Khaw, Mel W. and Grab, Denise A. and Livermore, Michael A. and Vossler, Christian A. and Glimcher, Paul W.}, editor = {Lamm, Claus}, month = jul, year = {2015}, pages = {e0132842}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0132842| issn = 1932-6203| volume = 10| issue = 7| pages = –0132842| last1 = Khaw| first1 = Mel W.| last2 = Grab| first2 = Denise A.| last3 = Livermore| first3 = Michael A.| last4 = Vossler| first4 = Christian A.| last5 = Glimcher| first5 = Paul W.| others = Claus Lamm (ed.)| title = The Measurement of Subjective Value and Its Relation to Contingent Valuation and Environmental Public Goods| journal = PLOS ONE| accessdate = 2021-02-26| date = 2015-07-29| url = https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132842}}

Overath, T., McDermott, J. H., Zarate, J. M., & Poeppel, D. (2015). The cortical analysis of speech-specific temporal structure revealed by responses to sound quilts. Nature Neuroscience, 18(6), 903–911. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4021

Nature Neuroscience

Nat Neurosci

Speech contains temporal structure that the brain must analyze to enable linguistic processing. To investigate the neural basis of this analysis‚ we used sound quilts‚ stimuli constructed by shuffling segments of a natural sound‚ approximately preserving its properties on short timescales while disrupting them on longer scales. We generated quilts from foreign speech to eliminate language cues and manipulated the extent of natural acoustic structure by varying the segment length. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging‚ we identified bilateral regions of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) whose responses varied with segment length. This effect was absent in primary auditory cortex and did not occur for quilts made from other natural sounds or acoustically matched synthetic sounds‚ suggesting tuning to speech-specific spectrotemporal structure. When examined parametrically‚ the STS response increased with segment length up to ∼500 ms. Our results identify a locus of speech analysis in human auditory cortex that is distinct from lexical‚ semantic or syntactic processes.

@article{overath2015cortical, title = {The cortical analysis of speech-specific temporal structure revealed by responses to sound quilts}, volume = {18}, issn = {1097-6256, 1546-1726}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/nn.4021}, doi = {10.1038/nn.4021}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2021-04-14}, journal = {Nature Neuroscience}, author = {Overath, Tobias and McDermott, Josh H and Zarate, Jean Mary and Poeppel, David}, month = jun, year = {2015}, pages = {903--911}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/nn.4021| issn = 1097-6256, 1546-1726| volume = 18| issue = 6| pages = 903–911| last1 = Overath| first1 = Tobias| last2 = McDermott| first2 = Josh H| last3 = Zarate| first3 = Jean Mary| last4 = Poeppel| first4 = David| title = The cortical analysis of speech-specific temporal structure revealed by responses to sound quilts| journal = Nature Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-04-14| date = 2015-06| url = http://www.nature.com/articles/nn.4021}}

Farbood, M. M., Heeger, D. J., Marcus, G., Hasson, U., & Lerner, Y. (2015). The neural processing of hierarchical structure in music and speech at different timescales. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00157

Frontiers in Neuroscience

Front. Neurosci.

Music‚ like speech‚ is a complex auditory signal that contains structures at multiple timescales‚ and as such is a potentially powerful entry point into the question of how the brain integrates complex streams of information. Using an experimental design modeled after previous studies that used scrambled versions of a spoken story (Lerner et al.‚ 2011) and a silent movie (Hasson et al.‚ 2008)‚ we investigate whether listeners perceive hierarchical structure in music beyond short (\textasciitilde6 s) time windows and whether there is cortical overlap between music and language processing at multiple timescales. Experienced pianists were presented with an extended musical excerpt scrambled at multiple timescales-by measure‚ phrase‚ and section-while measuring brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The reliability of evoked activity‚ as quantified by inter-subject correlation of the fMRI responses‚ was measured. We found that response reliability depended systematically on musical structure coherence‚ revealing a topographically organized hierarchy of processing timescales. Early auditory areas (at the bottom of the hierarchy) responded reliably in all conditions. For brain areas at the top of the hierarchy‚ the original (unscrambled) excerpt evoked more reliable responses than any of the scrambled excerpts‚ indicating that these brain areas process long-timescale musical structures‚ on the order of minutes. The topography of processing timescales was analogous with that reported previously for speech‚ but the timescale gradients for music and speech overlapped with one another only partially‚ suggesting that temporally analogous structures-words/measures‚ sentences

@article{farbood2015neural, title = {The neural processing of hierarchical structure in music and speech at different timescales}, volume = {9}, issn = {1662-453X}, url = {http://www.frontiersin.org/Auditory_Cognitive_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnins.2015.00157/abstract}, doi = {10.3389/fnins.2015.00157}, urldate = {2021-02-26}, journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience}, author = {Farbood, Morwaread M. and Heeger, David J. and Marcus, Gary and Hasson, Uri and Lerner, Yulia}, month = may, year = {2015}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.3389/fnins.2015.00157| issn = 1662-453X| volume = 9| last1 = Farbood| first1 = Morwaread M.| last2 = Heeger| first2 = David J.| last3 = Marcus| first3 = Gary| last4 = Hasson| first4 = Uri| last5 = Lerner| first5 = Yulia| title = The neural processing of hierarchical structure in music and speech at different timescales| journal = Frontiers in Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-02-26| date = 2015-05-12| url = http://www.frontiersin.org/Auditory_Cognitive_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnins.2015.00157/abstract}}

Orsborn, A. L., Wang, C., Chiang, K., Maharbiz, M. M., Viventi, J., & Pesaran, B. (2015). Semi-chronic chamber system for simultaneous subdural electrocorticography, local field potentials, and spike recordings. 2015 7th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER), 398–401. https://doi.org/10.1109/NER.2015.7146643

2015 7th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER)

NER

The brain operates on many different scales‚ from individual neurons to interacting cortical areas. Similarly‚ electrophysiology can monitor neural activity at a variety of spatial resolutions. Yet the majority of electrophysiology studies focus on a single scale of measurements. Simultaneously monitoring neural activity at multiple spatial scales will be critical for better understanding neural processing and developing neuroprosthetic applications. Here‚ we address the technical challenge of integrating multiple recording modalities into a chronic recording system. We developed a semi-chronic chamber-based system for non-human primates to simultaneously record subdural micro-electrocorticography (μECoG)‚ local field potentials (LFPs) and action potentials in the same tissue volume. The system combines subdural μECoG array recordings with a microdrive and uses a chamber system and artificial duras to align each component. We present the system design and validation of subdural μECoG recordings using artificial duras. Acute recordings from one non-human primate subject are shown to validate the technique.

@inproceedings{orsborn2015semi-chronic, address = {Montpellier, France}, title = {Semi-chronic chamber system for simultaneous subdural electrocorticography, local field potentials, and spike recordings}, isbn = {9781467363891}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7146643/}, doi = {10.1109/NER.2015.7146643}, urldate = {2021-04-14}, booktitle = {2015 7th {International} {IEEE}/{EMBS} {Conference} on {Neural} {Engineering} ({NER})}, publisher = {IEEE}, author = {Orsborn, Amy L. and Wang, Charles and Chiang, Ken and Maharbiz, Michel M. and Viventi, Jonathan and Pesaran, Bijan}, month = apr, year = {2015}, pages = {398--401}, }

{{Cite conference| publisher = IEEE| doi = 10.1109/NER.2015.7146643| isbn = 9781467363891| conference = 2015 7th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER)| pages = 398–401| last1 = Orsborn| first1 = Amy L.| last2 = Wang| first2 = Charles| last3 = Chiang| first3 = Ken| last4 = Maharbiz| first4 = Michel M.| last5 = Viventi| first5 = Jonathan| last6 = Pesaran| first6 = Bijan| title = Semi-chronic chamber system for simultaneous subdural electrocorticography, local field potentials, and spike recordings| booktitle = 2015 7th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER)| location = Montpellier, France| accessdate = 2021-04-14| date = 2015-04| url = http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7146643/}}

Putrino, D., Wong, Y. T., Weiss, A., & Pesaran, B. (2015). A training platform for many-dimensional prosthetic devices using a virtual reality environment. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 244, 68–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.03.010

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

Brain machine interfaces (BMIs) have the potential to assist in the rehabilitation of millions of patients worldwide. Despite recent advancements in BMI technology for the restoration of lost motor function‚ a training environment to restore full control of the anatomical segments of an upper limb extremity has not yet been presented. Here‚ we develop a virtual upper limb prosthesis with 27 independent dimensions‚ the anatomical dimensions of the human arm and hand‚ and deploy the virtual prosthesis as an avatar in a virtual reality environment (VRE) that can be controlled in real-time. The prosthesis avatar accepts kinematic control inputs that can be captured from movements of the arm and hand as well as neural control inputs derived from processed neural signals. We characterize the system performance under kinematic control using a commercially available motion capture system. We also present the performance under kinematic control achieved by two non-human primates (Macaca Mulatta) trained to use the prosthetic avatar to perform reaching and grasping tasks. This is the first virtual prosthetic device that is capable of emulating all the anatomical movements of a healthy upper limb in real-time. Since the system accepts both neural and kinematic inputs for a variety of many-dimensional skeletons‚ we propose it provides a customizable training platform for the acquisition of many-dimensional neural prosthetic control.

@article{putrino2015training, title = {A training platform for many-dimensional prosthetic devices using a virtual reality environment}, volume = {244}, issn = {01650270}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165027014000983}, doi = {10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.03.010}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-04-14}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience Methods}, author = {Putrino, David and Wong, Yan T. and Weiss, Adam and Pesaran, Bijan}, month = apr, year = {2015}, pages = {68--77}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.03.010| issn = 01650270| volume = 244| pages = 68–77| last1 = Putrino| first1 = David| last2 = Wong| first2 = Yan T.| last3 = Weiss| first3 = Adam| last4 = Pesaran| first4 = Bijan| title = A training platform for many-dimensional prosthetic devices using a virtual reality environment| journal = Journal of Neuroscience Methods| accessdate = 2021-04-14| date = 2015-04| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165027014000983}}

Tian, X., & Poeppel, D. (2015). Dynamics of Self-monitoring and Error Detection in Speech Production: Evidence from Mental Imagery and MEG. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27(2), 352–364. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00692

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

A critical subroutine of self-monitoring during speech production is to detect any deviance between expected and actual auditory feedback. Here we investigated the associated neural dynamics using MEG recording in mental-imagery-of-speech paradigms. Participants covertly articulated the vowel /a/; their own (individually recorded) speech was played back‚ with parametric manipulation using four levels of pitch shift‚ crossed with four levels of onset delay. A nonmonotonic function was observed in early auditory responses when the onset delay was shorter than 100 msec: Suppression was observed for normal playback‚ but enhancement for pitch-shifted playback; however‚ the magnitude of enhancement decreased at the largest level of pitch shift that was out of pitch range for normal conversion‚ as suggested in two behavioral experiments. No difference was observed among different types of playback when the onset delay was longer than 100 msec. These results suggest that the prediction suppresses the response to normal feedback‚ which mediates source monitoring. When auditory feedback does not match the prediction‚ an “error term” is generated‚ which underlies deviance detection. We argue that‚ based on the observed nonmonotonic function‚ a frequency window (addressing spectral difference) and a time window (constraining temporal difference) jointly regulate the comparison between prediction and feedback in speech.

@article{tian2015dynamics, title = {Dynamics of {Self}-monitoring and {Error} {Detection} in {Speech} {Production}: {Evidence} from {Mental} {Imagery} and {MEG}}, volume = {27}, issn = {0898-929X, 1530-8898}, shorttitle = {Dynamics of {Self}-monitoring and {Error} {Detection} in {Speech} {Production}}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/jocn/article/27/2/352-364/28278}, doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00692}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2021-04-14}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, author = {Tian, Xing and Poeppel, David}, month = feb, year = {2015}, pages = {352--364}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1162/jocn_a_00692| issn = 0898-929X, 1530-8898| volume = 27| issue = 2| pages = 352–364| last1 = Tian| first1 = Xing| last2 = Poeppel| first2 = David| title = Dynamics of Self-monitoring and Error Detection in Speech Production: Evidence from Mental Imagery and MEG| journal = Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-04-14| date = 2015-02| url = https://direct.mit.edu/jocn/article/27/2/352-364/28278}}

Lewis, G. A., Poeppel, D., & Murphy, G. L. (2015). The neural bases of taxonomic and thematic conceptual relations: An MEG study. Neuropsychologia, 68, 176–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.011

Neuropsychologia

Converging evidence from behavioral and neuroimaging studies of human concepts indicate distinct neural systems for taxonomic and thematic knowledge. A recent study of naming in aphasia found involvement of the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) during taxonomic (feature-based) processing‚ and involvement of the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) during thematic (function-based) processing. We conducted an online magnetoencephalography (MEG) study to examine the spatio-temporal nature of taxonomic and thematic relations. We measured participants’ brain responses to words preceded by either a taxonomically or thematically related item (e.g.‚ cottage→castle‚ king→castle). In a separate experiment we collected relatedness ratings of the word pairs from participants. We examined effects of relatedness and relation type on activation in ATL and TPJ regions of interest (ROIs) using permutation t-tests to identify differences in ROI activation between conditions as well as single-trial correlational analyses to examine the millisecond-by-millisecond influence of the stimulus variables on the ROIs. Taxonomic relations strongly predicted ATL activation‚ and both kinds of relations influenced the TPJ. Our results further strengthen the view of the ATL’s importance to taxonomic knowledge. Moreover‚ they provide a nuanced view of thematic relations as involving taxonomic knowledge.

@article{lewis2015neural, title = {The neural bases of taxonomic and thematic conceptual relations: {An} {MEG} study}, volume = {68}, issn = {00283932}, shorttitle = {The neural bases of taxonomic and thematic conceptual relations}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0028393215000184}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.011}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-04-14}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, author = {Lewis, Gwyneth A. and Poeppel, David and Murphy, Gregory L.}, month = feb, year = {2015}, pages = {176--189}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.011| issn = 00283932| volume = 68| pages = 176–189| last1 = Lewis| first1 = Gwyneth A.| last2 = Poeppel| first2 = David| last3 = Murphy| first3 = Gregory L.| title = The neural bases of taxonomic and thematic conceptual relations: An MEG study| journal = Neuropsychologia| accessdate = 2021-04-14| date = 2015-02| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0028393215000184}}

Saber, G. T., Pestilli, F., & Curtis, C. E. (2015). Saccade Planning Evokes Topographically Specific Activity in the Dorsal and Ventral Streams. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(1), 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1687-14.2015

Journal of Neuroscience

Saccade planning may invoke spatially-specific feedback signals that bias early visual activity in favor of top-down goals. We tested this hypothesis by measuring cortical activity at the early stages of the dorsal and ventral visual processing streams. Human subjects maintained saccade plans to (prosaccade) or away (antisaccade) from a spatial location over long memory-delays. Results show that cortical activity persists in early visual cortex at the retinotopic location of upcoming saccade goals. Topographically specific activity persists as early as V1‚ and activity increases along both dorsal (V3A/B‚ IPS0) and ventral (hV4‚ VO1) visual areas. Importantly‚ activity persists when saccade goals are available only via working memory and when visual targets and saccade goals are spatially disassociated. We conclude that top-down signals elicit retinotopically specific activity in visual cortex both in the dorsal and ventral streams. Such activity may underlie mechanisms that prioritize locations of task-relevant objects.

@article{saber2015saccade, title = {Saccade {Planning} {Evokes} {Topographically} {Specific} {Activity} in the {Dorsal} and {Ventral} {Streams}}, volume = {35}, issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401}, url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1687-14.2015}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1687-14.2015}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2021-02-26}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Saber, G. T. and Pestilli, F. and Curtis, C. E.}, month = jan, year = {2015}, pages = {245--252}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1687-14.2015| issn = 0270-6474, 1529-2401| volume = 35| issue = 1| pages = 245–252| last1 = Saber| first1 = G. T.| last2 = Pestilli| first2 = F.| last3 = Curtis| first3 = C. E.| title = Saccade Planning Evokes Topographically Specific Activity in the Dorsal and Ventral Streams| journal = Journal of Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-02-26| date = 2015-01-07| url = http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1687-14.2015}}

2014

Lewis, G., & Poeppel, D. (2014). The role of visual representations during the lexical access of spoken words. Brain and Language, 134, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2014.03.008

Brain and Language

Do visual representations contribute to spoken word recognition? We examine‚ using MEG‚ the effects of sublexical and lexical variables at superior temporal (ST) areas and the posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) compared with that of word imageability at visual cortices. Embodied accounts predict early modulation of visual areas by imageability–concurrently with or prior to modulation of pMTG by lexical variables. Participants responded to speech stimuli varying continuously in imageability during lexical decision with simultaneous MEG recording. We employed the linguistic variables in a new type of correlational time course analysis to assess trial-by-trial activation in occipital‚ ST‚ and pMTG regions of interest (ROIs). The linguistic variables modulated the ROIs during different time windows. Critically‚ visual regions reflected an imageability effect prior to effects of lexicality on pMTG. This surprising effect supports a view on which sensory aspects of a lexical item are not a consequence of lexical activation.

@article{lewis2014role, title = {The role of visual representations during the lexical access of spoken words}, volume = {134}, issn = {0093934X}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0093934X14000467}, doi = {10.1016/j.bandl.2014.03.008}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {Brain and Language}, author = {Lewis, Gwyneth and Poeppel, David}, month = jul, year = {2014}, pages = {1--10}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.bandl.2014.03.008| issn = 0093934X| volume = 134| pages = 1–10| last1 = Lewis| first1 = Gwyneth| last2 = Poeppel| first2 = David| title = The role of visual representations during the lexical access of spoken words| journal = Brain and Language| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2014-07| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0093934X14000467}}

Di Martino, A., Yan, C.-G., Li, Q., Denio, E., Castellanos, F. X., Alaerts, K., Anderson, J. S., Assaf, M., Bookheimer, S. Y., Dapretto, M., Deen, B., Delmonte, S., Dinstein, I., Ertl-Wagner, B., Fair, D. A., Gallagher, L., Kennedy, D. P., Keown, C. L., Keysers, C., … Milham, M. P. (2014). The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism. Molecular Psychiatry, 19(6), 659–667. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2013.78

Molecular Psychiatry

Mol Psychiatry

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a formidable challenge for psychiatry and neuroscience because of their high prevalence‚ lifelong nature‚ complexity and substantial heterogeneity. Facing these obstacles requires large-scale multidisciplinary efforts. Although the field of genetics has pioneered data sharing for these reasons‚ neuroimaging had not kept pace. In response‚ we introduce the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE)-a grassroots consortium aggregating and openly sharing 1112 existing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) data sets with corresponding structural MRI and phenotypic information from 539 individuals with ASDs and 573 age-matched typical controls (TCs; 7-64 years) (http://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/abide/). Here‚ we present this resource and demonstrate its suitability for advancing knowledge of ASD neurobiology based on analyses of 360 male subjects with ASDs and 403 male age-matched TCs. We focused on whole-brain intrinsic functional connectivity and also survey a range of voxel-wise measures of intrinsic functional brain architecture. Whole-brain analyses reconciled seemingly disparate themes of both hypo- and hyperconnectivity in the ASD literature; both were detected‚ although hypoconnectivity dominated‚ particularly for corticocortical and interhemispheric functional connectivity. Exploratory analyses using an array of regional metrics of intrinsic brain function converged on common loci of dysfunction in ASDs (mid- and posterior insula and posterior cingulate cortex)‚ and highlighted less commonly explored regions such as the thalamus. The survey of the ABIDE R-fMRI data sets provides unprecedented demonstrations of both replication and novel discovery. By pooling multiple international data sets‚ ABIDE is expected to accelerate the pace of discovery setting the stage for the next generation of ASD studies.

@article{di_martino_autism_2014, title = {The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism}, volume = {19}, issn = {1359-4184, 1476-5578}, shorttitle = {The autism brain imaging data exchange}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/mp201378}, doi = {10.1038/mp.2013.78}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {Molecular Psychiatry}, author = {Di Martino, A and Yan, C-G and Li, Q and Denio, E and Castellanos, F X and Alaerts, K and Anderson, J S and Assaf, M and Bookheimer, S Y and Dapretto, M and Deen, B and Delmonte, S and Dinstein, I and Ertl-Wagner, B and Fair, D A and Gallagher, L and Kennedy, D P and Keown, C L and Keysers, C and Lainhart, J E and Lord, C and Luna, B and Menon, V and Minshew, N J and Monk, C S and Mueller, S and Müller, R-A and Nebel, M B and Nigg, J T and O'Hearn, K and Pelphrey, K A and Peltier, S J and Rudie, J D and Sunaert, S and Thioux, M and Tyszka, J M and Uddin, L Q and Verhoeven, J S and Wenderoth, N and Wiggins, J L and Mostofsky, S H and Milham, M P}, month = jun, year = {2014}, pages = {659--667}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/mp.2013.78| issn = 1359-4184, 1476-5578| volume = 19| issue = 6| pages = 659–667| last1 = Di Martino| first1 = A| last2 = Yan| first2 = C-G| last3 = Li| first3 = Q| last4 = Denio| first4 = E| last5 = Castellanos| first5 = F X| last6 = Alaerts| first6 = K| last7 = Anderson| first7 = J S| last8 = Assaf| first8 = M| last9 = Bookheimer| first9 = S Y| last10 = Dapretto| first10 = M| last11 = Deen| first11 = B| last12 = Delmonte| first12 = S| last13 = Dinstein| first13 = I| last14 = Ertl-Wagner| first14 = B| last15 = Fair| first15 = D A| last16 = Gallagher| first16 = L| last17 = Kennedy| first17 = D P| last18 = Keown| first18 = C L| last19 = Keysers| first19 = C| last20 = Lainhart| first20 = J E| last21 = Lord| first21 = C| last22 = Luna| first22 = B| last23 = Menon| first23 = V| last24 = Minshew| first24 = N J| last25 = Monk| first25 = C S| last26 = Mueller| first26 = S| last27 = Müller| first27 = R-A| last28 = Nebel| first28 = M B| last29 = Nigg| first29 = J T| last30 = O'Hearn| first30 = K| last31 = Pelphrey| first31 = K A| last32 = Peltier| first32 = S J| last33 = Rudie| first33 = J D| last34 = Sunaert| first34 = S| last35 = Thioux| first35 = M| last36 = Tyszka| first36 = J M| last37 = Uddin| first37 = L Q| last38 = Verhoeven| first38 = J S| last39 = Wenderoth| first39 = N| last40 = Wiggins| first40 = J L| last41 = Mostofsky| first41 = S H| last42 = Milham| first42 = M P| title = The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism| journal = Molecular Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2014-06| url = http://www.nature.com/articles/mp201378}}

Shehzad, Z., Kelly, C., Reiss, P. T., Cameron Craddock, R., Emerson, J. W., McMahon, K., Copland, D. A., Xavier Castellanos, F., & Milham, M. P. (2014). A multivariate distance-based analytic framework for connectome-wide association studies. NeuroImage, 93, 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.024

NeuroImage

The identification of phenotypic associations in high-dimensional brain connectivity data represents the next frontier in the neuroimaging connectomics era. Exploration of brain-phenotype relationships remains limited by statistical approaches that are computationally intensive‚ depend on a priori hypotheses‚ or require stringent correction for multiple comparisons. Here‚ we propose a computationally efficient‚ data-driven technique for connectome-wide association studies (CWAS) that provides a comprehensive voxel-wise survey of brain-behavior relationships across the connectome; the approach identifies voxels whose whole-brain connectivity patterns vary significantly with a phenotypic variable. Using resting state fMRI data‚ we demonstrate the utility of our analytic framework by identifying significant connectivity-phenotype relationships for full-scale IQ and assessing their overlap with existent neuroimaging findings‚ as synthesized by openly available automated meta-analysis (www.neurosynth.org). The results appeared to be robust to the removal of nuisance covariates (i.e.‚ mean connectivity‚ global signal‚ and motion) and varying brain resolution (i.e.‚ voxelwise results are highly similar to results using 800 parcellations). We show that CWAS findings can be used to guide subsequent seed-based correlation analyses. Finally‚ we demonstrate the applicability of the approach by examining CWAS for three additional datasets‚ each encompassing a distinct phenotypic variable: neurotypical development‚ Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic status‚ and L-DOPA pharmacological manipulation. For each phenotype‚ our approach to CWAS identified distinct connectome-wide association profiles‚ not previously attainable in a single study utilizing traditional univariate approaches. As a computationally efficient‚ extensible‚ and scalable method‚ our CWAS framework can accelerate the discovery of brain-behavior relationships in the connectome.

@article{shehzad2014multivariate, title = {A multivariate distance-based analytic framework for connectome-wide association studies}, volume = {93}, issn = {10538119}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811914001232}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.024}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {NeuroImage}, author = {Shehzad, Zarrar and Kelly, Clare and Reiss, Philip T. and Cameron Craddock, R. and Emerson, John W. and McMahon, Katie and Copland, David A. and Xavier Castellanos, F. and Milham, Michael P.}, month = jun, year = {2014}, pages = {74--94}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.024| issn = 10538119| volume = 93| pages = 74–94| last1 = Shehzad| first1 = Zarrar| last2 = Kelly| first2 = Clare| last3 = Reiss| first3 = Philip T.| last4 = Cameron Craddock| first4 = R.| last5 = Emerson| first5 = John W.| last6 = McMahon| first6 = Katie| last7 = Copland| first7 = David A.| last8 = Xavier Castellanos| first8 = F.| last9 = Milham| first9 = Michael P.| title = A multivariate distance-based analytic framework for connectome-wide association studies| journal = NeuroImage| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2014-06| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811914001232}}

Hulvershorn, L. A., Mennes, M., Castellanos, F. X., Di Martino, A., Milham, M. P., Hummer, T. A., & Roy, A. K. (2014). Abnormal Amygdala Functional Connectivity Associated With Emotional Lability in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(3), 351-361.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.012

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Objective: A substantial proportion of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also display emotion regulation deficits manifesting as chronic irritability‚ severe temper outbursts‚ and aggression. The amygdala is implicated in emotion regulation‚ but its connectivity and relation to emotion regulation in ADHD has yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of amygdala circuits and emotion regulation deficits in youth with ADHD. Method: Bilateral amygdala iFC was examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 63 children with ADHD‚ aged 6 to 13 years. First‚ we examined the relationship between amygdala IFC and parent ratings of emotional lability (EL) in children with ADHD. Second‚ we compared amygdala iFC across subgroups of children with ADHD and high EL (n = 18)‚ ADHD and low EL (n = 20)‚ and typically developing children (TDC)‚ all with low EL (n = 19). Results: Higher EL ratings were associated with greater positive iFC between the amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate cortex in youth with ADHD. EL scores were also negatively associated with iFC between bilateral amygdala and posterior insula/superior temporal gyrus. Patterns of amygdala-cortical iFC in ADHD participants with low EL were not different from the comparison group‚ and the effect sizes for these comparisons were smaller than those for the trend-level differences observed between the high-EL and TDC groups. Conclusions: In children with ADHD and a range of EL‚ deficits in emotion regulation were associated with altered amygdala-cortical iFC. When comparing groups that differed on ADHD status but not EL‚ differences in amygdala iFC were small and nonsignificant‚ highlighting the specificity of this finding to emotional deficits‚ independent of other ADHD symptoms.

@article{hulvershorn2014abnormal, title = {Abnormal {Amygdala} {Functional} {Connectivity} {Associated} {With} {Emotional} {Lability} in {Children} {With} {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder}}, volume = {53}, issn = {08908567}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856713008782}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.012}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2021-03-17}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child \& Adolescent Psychiatry}, author = {Hulvershorn, Leslie A. and Mennes, Maarten and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Di Martino, Adriana and Milham, Michael P. and Hummer, Tom A. and Roy, Amy Krain}, month = mar, year = {2014}, pages = {351--361.e1}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.012| issn = 08908567| volume = 53| issue = 3| pages = 351–361.e1| last1 = Hulvershorn| first1 = Leslie A.| last2 = Mennes| first2 = Maarten| last3 = Castellanos| first3 = F. Xavier| last4 = Di Martino| first4 = Adriana| last5 = Milham| first5 = Michael P.| last6 = Hummer| first6 = Tom A.| last7 = Roy| first7 = Amy Krain| title = Abnormal Amygdala Functional Connectivity Associated With Emotional Lability in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder| journal = Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-03-17| date = 2014-03| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856713008782}}

2013

Fair, D. A., Nigg, J. T., Iyer, S., Bathula, D., Mills, K. L., Dosenbach, N. U. F., Schlaggar, B. L., Mennes, M., Gutman, D., Bangaru, S., Buitelaar, J. K., Dickstein, D. P., Di Martino, A., Kennedy, D. N., Kelly, C., Luna, B., Schweitzer, J. B., Velanova, K., Wang, Y.-F., … Milham, M. P. (2013). Distinct neural signatures detected for ADHD subtypes after controlling for micro-movements in resting state functional connectivity MRI data. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2012.00080

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

In recent years‚ there has been growing enthusiasm that functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could achieve clinical utility for a broad range of neuropsychiatric disorders. However‚ several barriers remain. For example‚ the acquisition of large-scale datasets capable of clarifying the marked heterogeneity that exists in psychiatric illnesses will need to be realized. In addition‚ there continues to be a need for the development of image processing and analysis methods capable of separating signal from artifact. As a prototypical hyperkinetic disorder‚ and movement-related artifact being a significant confound in functional imaging studies‚ ADHD offers a unique challenge. As part of the ADHD-200 Global Competition and this special edition of Frontiers‚ the ADHD-200 Consortium demonstrates the utility of an aggregate dataset pooled across five institutions in addressing these challenges. The work aimed to (1) examine the impact of emerging techniques for controlling for "micro-movements‚" and (2) provide novel insights into the neural correlates of ADHD subtypes. Using support vector machine (SVM)-based multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) we show that functional connectivity patterns in individuals are capable of differentiating the two most prominent ADHD subtypes. The application of graph-theory revealed that the Combined (ADHD-C) and Inattentive (ADHD-I) subtypes demonstrated some overlapping (particularly sensorimotor systems)‚ but unique patterns of atypical connectivity. For ADHD-C‚ atypical connectivity was prominent in midline default network components‚ as well as insular cortex; in contrast‚ the ADHD-I group exhibited atypical patterns within the dlPFC regions and cerebellum. Systematic motion-related artifact was noted‚ and highlighted the need for stringent motion correction. Findings reported were robust to the specific motion correction strategy employed. These data suggest that resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) data can be used to characterize individual patients with ADHD and to identify neural distinctions underlying the clinical heterogeneity of ADHD.

@article{fair2013distinct, title = {Distinct neural signatures detected for {ADHD} subtypes after controlling for micro-movements in resting state functional connectivity {MRI} data}, volume = {6}, issn = {1662-5137}, url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnsys.2012.00080/abstract}, doi = {10.3389/fnsys.2012.00080}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience}, author = {Fair, Damien A. and Nigg, Joel T. and Iyer, Swathi and Bathula, Deepti and Mills, Kathryn L. and Dosenbach, Nico U. F. and Schlaggar, Bradley L. and Mennes, Maarten and Gutman, David and Bangaru, Saroja and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Dickstein, Daniel P. and Di Martino, Adriana and Kennedy, David N. and Kelly, Clare and Luna, Beatriz and Schweitzer, Julie B. and Velanova, Katerina and Wang, Yu-Feng and Mostofsky, Stewart and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Milham, Michael P.}, year = {2013}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00080| issn = 1662-5137| volume = 6| last1 = Fair| first1 = Damien A.| last2 = Nigg| first2 = Joel T.| last3 = Iyer| first3 = Swathi| last4 = Bathula| first4 = Deepti| last5 = Mills| first5 = Kathryn L.| last6 = Dosenbach| first6 = Nico U. F.| last7 = Schlaggar| first7 = Bradley L.| last8 = Mennes| first8 = Maarten| last9 = Gutman| first9 = David| last10 = Bangaru| first10 = Saroja| last11 = Buitelaar| first11 = Jan K.| last12 = Dickstein| first12 = Daniel P.| last13 = Di Martino| first13 = Adriana| last14 = Kennedy| first14 = David N.| last15 = Kelly| first15 = Clare| last16 = Luna| first16 = Beatriz| last17 = Schweitzer| first17 = Julie B.| last18 = Velanova| first18 = Katerina| last19 = Wang| first19 = Yu-Feng| last20 = Mostofsky| first20 = Stewart| last21 = Castellanos| first21 = F. Xavier| last22 = Milham| first22 = Michael P.| title = Distinct neural signatures detected for ADHD subtypes after controlling for micro-movements in resting state functional connectivity MRI data| journal = Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2013| url = http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnsys.2012.00080/abstract}}

Brouwer, G. J., & Heeger, D. J. (2013). Categorical clustering of the neural representation of color. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(39), 15454–15465. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2472-13.2013

ISBN: 0270-6474 Publisher: Soc Neuroscience

Journal of Neuroscience

Cortical activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while human subjects viewed 12 stimulus colors and performed either a color-naming or diverted attention task. A forward model was used to extract lower dimensional neural color spaces from the high-dimensional fMRI responses. The neural color spaces in two visual areas‚ human ventral V4 (V4v) and VO1‚ exhibited clustering (greater similarity between activity patterns evoked by stimulus colors within a perceptual category‚ compared to between-category colors) for the color-naming task‚ but not for the diverted attention task. Response amplitudes and signal-to-noise ratios were higher in most visual cortical areas for color naming compared to diverted attention. But only in V4v and VO1 did the cortical representation of color change to a categorical color space. A model is presented that induces such a categorical representation by changing the response gains of subpopulations of color-selective neurons.

url

@article{brouwer2013categorical, title = {Categorical clustering of the neural representation of color}, volume = {33}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2472-13.2013}, number = {39}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Brouwer, Gijs Joost and Heeger, David J.}, year = {2013}, note = {ISBN: 0270-6474 Publisher: Soc Neuroscience}, pages = {15454--15465}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2472-13.2013| volume = 33| issue = 39| pages = 15454–15465| last1 = Brouwer| first1 = Gijs Joost| last2 = Heeger| first2 = David J.| title = Categorical clustering of the neural representation of color| journal = Journal of Neuroscience| date = 2013}}

Freeman, J., Ziemba, C. M., Heeger, D. J., Simoncelli, E. P., & Movshon, J. A. (2013). A functional and perceptual signature of the second visual area in primates. Nature Neuroscience, 16(7), 974–981. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3402

ISBN: 1546-1726 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group

Nature neuroscience

There is no generally accepted account of the function of the second visual cortical area (V2)‚ partly because no simple response properties robustly distinguish V2 neurons from those in primary visual cortex (V1). We constructed synthetic stimuli replicating the higher-order statistical dependencies found in natural texture images and used them to stimulate macaque V1 and V2 neurons. Most V2 cells responded more vigorously to these textures than to control stimuli lacking naturalistic structure; V1 cells did not. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements in humans revealed differences between V1 and V2 that paralleled the neuronal measurements. The ability of human observers to detect naturalistic structure in different types of texture was well predicted by the strength of neuronal and fMRI responses in V2 but not in V1. Together‚ these results reveal a particular functional role for V2 in the representation of natural image structure.

url

@article{freeman2013functional, title = {A functional and perceptual signature of the second visual area in primates}, volume = {16}, doi = {10.1038/nn.3402}, number = {7}, journal = {Nature neuroscience}, author = {Freeman, Jeremy and Ziemba, Corey M. and Heeger, David J. and Simoncelli, Eero P. and Movshon, J. Anthony}, year = {2013}, note = {ISBN: 1546-1726 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group}, pages = {974--981}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/nn.3402| volume = 16| issue = 7| pages = 974–981| last1 = Freeman| first1 = Jeremy| last2 = Ziemba| first2 = Corey M.| last3 = Heeger| first3 = David J.| last4 = Simoncelli| first4 = Eero P.| last5 = Movshon| first5 = J. Anthony| title = A functional and perceptual signature of the second visual area in primates| journal = Nature neuroscience| date = 2013}}

Donner, T. H., Sagi, D., Bonneh, Y. S., & Heeger, D. J. (2013). Retinotopic patterns of correlated fluctuations in visual cortex reflect the dynamics of spontaneous perceptual suppression. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(5), 2188–2198. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3388-12.2013

ISBN: 0270-6474 Publisher: Soc Neuroscience

Journal of Neuroscience

While viewing certain stimuli‚ perception changes spontaneously in the face of constant input. For example‚ during "motion-induced blindness" (MIB)‚ a small salient target spontaneously disappears and reappears when surrounded by a moving mask. Models of such bistable perceptual phenomena posit spontaneous fluctuations in neuronal activity throughout multiple stages of the visual cortical hierarchy. We used fMRI to link correlated activity fluctuations across human visual cortical areas V1 through V4 to the dynamics (rate and duration) of MIB target disappearance. We computed the correlations between the time series of fMRI activity in multiple retinotopic subregions corresponding to MIB target and mask. Linear decomposition of the matrix of temporal correlations revealed spatial patterns of activity fluctuations‚ regardless of whether or not these were time-locked to behavioral reports of target disappearance. The spatial pattern that dominated the activity fluctuations during MIB was spatially nonspecific‚ shared by all subregions‚ but did not reflect the dynamics of perception. By contrast‚ the fluctuations associated with the rate of MIB disappearance were retinotopically specific for the target subregion in V4‚ and the fluctuations associated with the duration of MIB disappearance states were target-specific in V1. Target-specific fluctuations in V1 have not previously been identified by averaging activity time-locked to behavioral reports of MIB disappearance. Our results suggest that different levels of the visual cortical hierarchy shape the dynamics of perception via distinct mechanisms‚ which are evident in distinct spatial patterns of spontaneous cortical activity fluctuations.

url

@article{donner2013retinotopic, title = {Retinotopic patterns of correlated fluctuations in visual cortex reflect the dynamics of spontaneous perceptual suppression}, volume = {33}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3388-12.2013}, number = {5}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Donner, Tobias H. and Sagi, Dov and Bonneh, Yoram S. and Heeger, David J.}, year = {2013}, note = {ISBN: 0270-6474 Publisher: Soc Neuroscience}, pages = {2188--2198}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3388-12.2013| volume = 33| issue = 5| pages = 2188–2198| last1 = Donner| first1 = Tobias H.| last2 = Sagi| first2 = Dov| last3 = Bonneh| first3 = Yoram S.| last4 = Heeger| first4 = David J.| title = Retinotopic patterns of correlated fluctuations in visual cortex reflect the dynamics of spontaneous perceptual suppression| journal = Journal of Neuroscience| date = 2013}}

Bender, J., Tark, K.-J., Reuter, B., Kathmann, N., & Curtis, C. E. (2013). Differential roles of the frontal and parietal cortices in the control of saccades. Brain and Cognition, 83(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2013.06.005

ISBN: 0278-2626 Publisher: Elsevier

Brain and cognition

Although externally as well as internally-guided eye movements allow us to flexibly explore the visual environment‚ their differential neural mechanisms remain elusive. A better understanding of these neural mechanisms will help us to understand the control of action and to elucidate the nature of cognitive deficits in certain psychiatric populations (e.g.‚ schizophrenia) that show increased latencies in volitional but not visually-guided saccades. Both the superior precentral sulcus (sPCS) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) are implicated in the control of eye movements. However‚ it remains unknown what differential contributions the two areas make to the programming of visually-guided and internally-guided saccades. In this study we tested the hypotheses that sPCS and IPS distinctly encode internally-guided saccades and visually-guided saccades. We scanned subjects with fMRI while they generated visually-guided and internally-guided delayed saccades. We used multi-voxel pattern analysis to test whether patterns of cue related‚ preparatory and saccade related activation could be used to predict the direction of the planned eye movement. Results indicate that patterns in the human sPCS predicted internally-guided saccades but not visually-guided saccades in all trial periods and patterns in the IPS predicted internally-guided saccades and visually-guided saccades equally well. The results support the hypothesis that the human sPCS and IPS make distinct contributions to the control of volitional eye movements.

url

@article{bender2013differential, title = {Differential roles of the frontal and parietal cortices in the control of saccades}, volume = {83}, doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2013.06.005}, number = {1}, journal = {Brain and cognition}, author = {Bender, Julia and Tark, Kyeong-Jin and Reuter, Benedikt and Kathmann, Norbert and Curtis, Clayton E.}, year = {2013}, note = {ISBN: 0278-2626 Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {1--9}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.06.005| volume = 83| issue = 1| pages = 1–9| last1 = Bender| first1 = Julia| last2 = Tark| first2 = Kyeong-Jin| last3 = Reuter| first3 = Benedikt| last4 = Kathmann| first4 = Norbert| last5 = Curtis| first5 = Clayton E.| title = Differential roles of the frontal and parietal cortices in the control of saccades| journal = Brain and cognition| date = 2013}}

Freeman, J., Heeger, D. J., & Merriam, E. P. (2013). Coarse-scale biases for spirals and orientation in human visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(50), 19695–19703. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0889-13.2013

ISBN: 0270-6474 Publisher: Soc Neuroscience

Journal of Neuroscience

Multivariate decoding analyses are widely applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data‚ but there is controversy over their interpretation. Orientation decoding in primary visual cortex (V1) reflects coarse-scale biases‚ including an over-representation of radial orientations. But fMRI responses to clockwise and counter-clockwise spirals can also be decoded. Because these stimuli are matched for radial orientation‚ while differing in local orientation‚ it has been argued that fine-scale columnar selectivity for orientation contributes to orientation decoding. We measured fMRI responses in human V1 to both oriented gratings and spirals. Responses to oriented gratings exhibited a complex topography‚ including a radial bias that was most pronounced in the peripheral representation‚ and a near-vertical bias that was most pronounced near the foveal representation. Responses to clockwise and counter-clockwise spirals also exhibited coarse-scale organization‚ at the scale of entire visual quadrants. The preference of each voxel for clockwise or counter-clockwise spirals was predicted from the preferences of that voxel for orientation and spatial position (i.e.‚ within the retinotopic map). Our results demonstrate a bias for local stimulus orientation that has a coarse spatial scale‚ is robust across stimulus classes (spirals and gratings)‚ and suffices to explain decoding from fMRI responses in V1.

url

@article{freeman2013coarse-scale, title = {Coarse-scale biases for spirals and orientation in human visual cortex}, volume = {33}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0889-13.2013}, number = {50}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Freeman, Jeremy and Heeger, David J. and Merriam, Elisha P.}, year = {2013}, note = {ISBN: 0270-6474 Publisher: Soc Neuroscience}, pages = {19695--19703}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0889-13.2013| volume = 33| issue = 50| pages = 19695–19703| last1 = Freeman| first1 = Jeremy| last2 = Heeger| first2 = David J.| last3 = Merriam| first3 = Elisha P.| title = Coarse-scale biases for spirals and orientation in human visual cortex| journal = Journal of Neuroscience| date = 2013}}

Wong, Y. T., Putrino, D., Weiss, A., & Pesaran, B. (2013). Utilizing movement synergies to improve decoding performance for a brain machine interface. 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 289–292. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2013.6609494

A major challenge facing the development of high degree of freedom (DOF) brain machine interface (BMI) devices is a limited ability to provide prospective users with independent control of many DOFs when using a complex prosthesis. It has been previously shown that a large range of complex hand postures can be replicated using a relatively low number of movement synergies. Thus‚ a high DOF joint space‚ such as the one the hand resides in‚ may be decomposed via principal component analysis (PCA) into a lower DOF (eigen-reach) space that contains most of the variance of the original movements. By decoding in this eigen-reach space‚ BMI users need only control a few eigen-reach values to be able to make movements using all DOFs in the arm and hand. In this paper we examine how using PCA before decoding neural activity may lead to improvements in decoding performance.

url

@inproceedings{wong2013utilizing, title = {Utilizing movement synergies to improve decoding performance for a brain machine interface}, isbn = {1-4577-0216-9}, doi = {10.1109/EMBC.2013.6609494}, booktitle = {2013 35th {Annual} {International} {Conference} of the {IEEE} {Engineering} in {Medicine} and {Biology} {Society} ({EMBC})}, publisher = {IEEE}, author = {Wong, Yan T. and Putrino, David and Weiss, Adam and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2013}, pages = {289--292}, }

{{Cite conference| publisher = IEEE| doi = 10.1109/EMBC.2013.6609494| isbn = 1-4577-0216-9| pages = 289–292| last1 = Wong| first1 = Yan T.| last2 = Putrino| first2 = David| last3 = Weiss| first3 = Adam| last4 = Pesaran| first4 = Bijan| title = Utilizing movement synergies to improve decoding performance for a brain machine interface| booktitle = 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)| date = 2013}}

Di Martino, A., Zuo, X.-N., Kelly, C., Grzadzinski, R., Mennes, M., Schvarcz, A., Rodman, J., Lord, C., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2013). Shared and Distinct Intrinsic Functional Network Centrality in Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 74(8), 623–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.011

Biological Psychiatry

Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often exhibit symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Across both disorders‚ observations of distributed functional abnormalities suggest aberrant large-scale brain network connectivity. Yet‚ common and distinct network correlates of ASD and ADHD remain unidentified. Here‚ we aimed to examine patterns of dysconnection in school-age children with ASD and ADHD and typically developing children who completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Methods: We measured voxelwise network centrality‚ functional connectivity metrics indexing local (degree centrality [DC]) and global (eigenvector centrality) functional relationships across the entire brain connectome‚ in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 56 children with ASD‚ 45 children with ADHD‚ and 50 typically developing children. A one-way analysis of covariance‚ with group as fixed factor (whole-brain corrected)‚ was followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons. Results: Cortical and subcortical areas exhibited centrality abnormalities‚ some common to both ADHD and ASD‚ such as in precuneus. Others were disorder-specific and included ADHD-related increases in DC in right striatum/pallidum‚ in contrast with ASD-related increases in bilateral temporolimbic areas. Secondary analyses differentiating children with ASD into those with or without ADHD-like comorbidity (ASD(+) and ASD(-)‚ respectively) revealed that the ASD(+) group shared ADHD-specific abnormalities in basal ganglia. By contrast‚ centrality increases in temporolimbic areas characterized children with ASD regardless of ADHD-like comorbidity. At the cluster level‚ eigenvector centrality group patterns were similar to DC. Conclusions: ADHD and ASD are neurodevelopmental disorders with distinct and overlapping clinical presentations. This work provides evidence for both shared and distinct underlying mechanisms at the large-scale network level.

@article{di_martino_shared_2013, title = {Shared and {Distinct} {Intrinsic} {Functional} {Network} {Centrality} in {Autism} and {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder}}, volume = {74}, issn = {00063223}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322313001765}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.011}, language = {en}, number = {8}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, author = {Di Martino, Adriana and Zuo, Xi-Nian and Kelly, Clare and Grzadzinski, Rebecca and Mennes, Maarten and Schvarcz, Ariel and Rodman, Jennifer and Lord, Catherine and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Milham, Michael P.}, month = oct, year = {2013}, pages = {623--632}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.011| issn = 00063223| volume = 74| issue = 8| pages = 623–632| last1 = Di Martino| first1 = Adriana| last2 = Zuo| first2 = Xi-Nian| last3 = Kelly| first3 = Clare| last4 = Grzadzinski| first4 = Rebecca| last5 = Mennes| first5 = Maarten| last6 = Schvarcz| first6 = Ariel| last7 = Rodman| first7 = Jennifer| last8 = Lord| first8 = Catherine| last9 = Castellanos| first9 = F. Xavier| last10 = Milham| first10 = Michael P.| title = Shared and Distinct Intrinsic Functional Network Centrality in Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder| journal = Biological Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2013-10| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322313001765}}

Cortese, S., Imperati, D., Zhou, J., Proal, E., Klein, R. G., Mannuzza, S., Ramos-Olazagasti, M. A., Milham, M. P., Kelly, C., & Castellanos, F. X. (2013). White Matter Alterations at 33-Year Follow-Up in Adults with Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 74(8), 591–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.025

Biological Psychiatry

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly conceived as reflecting altered functional and structural brain connectivity. The latter can be addressed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We examined fractional anisotropy (FA)‚ a DTI index related to white matter structural properties‚ in adult male subjects diagnosed with ADHD in childhood (probands) and matched control subjects without childhood ADHD. Additionally‚ we contrasted FA among probands with and without current ADHD in adulthood and control subjects. Methods: Participants were from an original cohort of 207 boys and 178 male control subjects. At 33-year follow-up‚ analyzable DTI scans were obtained in 51 probands (41.3 ± 2.8 yrs) and 66 control subjects (41.2 ± 3.1 yrs). Voxel-based FA was computed with tract-based spatial statistics‚ controlling for multiple comparisons. Results: Probands with childhood ADHD exhibited significantly lower FA than control subjects without childhood ADHD in the right superior and posterior corona radiata‚ right superior longitudinal fasciculus‚ and in a left cluster including the posterior thalamic radiation‚ the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule‚ and the sagittal stratum (p<.05‚ corrected). Fractional anisotropy was significantly decreased relative to control subjects in several tracts in both probands with current and remitted ADHD‚ who did not differ significantly from each other. Fractional anisotropy was not significantly increased in probands in any region. Conclusions: Decreased FA in adults with childhood ADHD regardless of current ADHD might be an enduring trait of ADHD. White matter tracts with decreased FA connect regions involved in high-level as well as sensorimotor functions‚ suggesting that both types of processes are involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD.

@article{cortese2013white, title = {White {Matter} {Alterations} at 33-{Year} {Follow}-{Up} in {Adults} with {Childhood} {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder}}, volume = {74}, issn = {00063223}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322313002217}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.025}, language = {en}, number = {8}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, author = {Cortese, Samuele and Imperati, Davide and Zhou, Juan and Proal, Erika and Klein, Rachel G. and Mannuzza, Salvatore and Ramos-Olazagasti, Maria A. and Milham, Michael P. and Kelly, Clare and Castellanos, F. Xavier}, month = oct, year = {2013}, pages = {591--598}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.025| issn = 00063223| volume = 74| issue = 8| pages = 591–598| last1 = Cortese| first1 = Samuele| last2 = Imperati| first2 = Davide| last3 = Zhou| first3 = Juan| last4 = Proal| first4 = Erika| last5 = Klein| first5 = Rachel G.| last6 = Mannuzza| first6 = Salvatore| last7 = Ramos-Olazagasti| first7 = Maria A.| last8 = Milham| first8 = Michael P.| last9 = Kelly| first9 = Clare| last10 = Castellanos| first10 = F. Xavier| title = White Matter Alterations at 33-Year Follow-Up in Adults with Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder| journal = Biological Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2013-10| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322313002217}}

Tark, K.-J., & Curtis, C. E. (2013). Deciding where to look based on visual, auditory, and semantic information. Brain Research, 1525, 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.002

PMID: 23769862 PMCID: PMC3746794

Brain Research

Brain Res

Neurons in the dorsal frontal and parietal cortex are thought to transform incoming visual signals into the spatial goals of saccades‚ a process known as target selection. Here‚ we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test how target selection may generalize beyond visual transformations when auditory and semantic information is used for selection. We compared activity in the frontal and parietal cortex when subjects made visually‚ aurally‚ and semantically guided saccades to one of four differently colored dots. Selection was based on a visual cue (i.e.‚ one of the dots blinked)‚ an auditory cue (i.e.‚ a white noise burst was emitted at one of the dots’ location)‚ or a semantic cue (i.e.‚ the color of one of the dots was spoken). Although neural responses in frontal and parietal cortex were robust‚ they were non-specific with regard to the type of information used for target selection. Decoders‚ however‚ trained on the patterns of activity in the intraparietal sulcus could classify both the type of cue used for target selection and the direction of the saccade. Therefore‚ we find evidence that the posterior parietal cortex is involved in transforming multimodal inputs into general spatial representations that can be used to guide saccades.

url

@article{tark2013deciding, title = {Deciding where to look based on visual, auditory, and semantic information}, volume = {1525}, issn = {1872-6240}, doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.002}, language = {eng}, journal = {Brain Research}, author = {Tark, Kyeong-Jin and Curtis, Clayton E.}, month = aug, year = {2013}, pmid = {23769862}, pmcid = {PMC3746794}, keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Auditory, Brain Mapping, Cues, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Parietal Lobe, Photic Stimulation, Saccade, Saccades, Semantic, Spatial cognition, Young Adult, fMRI}, pages = {26--38}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.002| issn = 1872-6240| volume = 1525| pages = 26–38| last1 = Tark| first1 = Kyeong-Jin| last2 = Curtis| first2 = Clayton E.| title = Deciding where to look based on visual, auditory, and semantic information| journal = Brain Research| date = 2013-08-07| pmid = 23769862| pmc = PMC3746794}}

Tian, X., & Poeppel, D. (2013). The Effect of Imagination on Stimulation: The Functional Specificity of Efference Copies in Speech Processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25(7), 1020–1036. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00381

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

The computational role of efference copies is widely appreciated in action and perception research‚ but their properties for speech processing remain murky. We tested the functional specificity of auditory efference copies using magnetoencephalography recordings in an unconventional pairing: We used a classical cognitive manipulation (mental imagery—to elicit internal simulation and estimation) with a well-established experimental paradigm (one shot repetition—to assess neuronal specificity). Participants performed tasks that differentially implicated internal prediction of sensory consequences (overt speaking‚ imagined speaking‚ and imagined hearing) and their modulatory effects on the perception of an auditory (syllable) probe were assessed. Remarkably‚ the neural responses to overt syllable probes vary systematically‚ both in terms of directionality (suppression‚ enhancement) and temporal dynamics (early‚ late)‚ as a function of the preceding covert mental imagery adaptor. We show‚ in the context of a dual-pathway model‚ that internal simulation shapes perception in a context-dependent manner.

@article{tian2013effect, title = {The {Effect} of {Imagination} on {Stimulation}: {The} {Functional} {Specificity} of {Efference} {Copies} in {Speech} {Processing}}, volume = {25}, issn = {0898-929X, 1530-8898}, shorttitle = {The {Effect} of {Imagination} on {Stimulation}}, url = {https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn_a_00381}, doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00381}, language = {en}, number = {7}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, author = {Tian, Xing and Poeppel, David}, month = jul, year = {2013}, pages = {1020--1036}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1162/jocn_a_00381| issn = 0898-929X, 1530-8898| volume = 25| issue = 7| pages = 1020–1036| last1 = Tian| first1 = Xing| last2 = Poeppel| first2 = David| title = The Effect of Imagination on Stimulation: The Functional Specificity of Efference Copies in Speech Processing| journal = Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2013-07| url = https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn_a_00381}}

Merriam, E. P., Gardner, J. L., Movshon, J. A., & Heeger, D. J. (2013). Modulation of Visual Responses by Gaze Direction in Human Visual Cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(24), 9879–9889. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0500-12.2013

Journal of Neuroscience

To locate visual objects‚ the brain combines information about retinal location and direction of gaze. Studies in monkeys have demonstrated that eye position modulates the gain of visual signals with "gain fields‚" so that single neurons represent both retinotopic location and eye position. We wished to know whether eye position and retinotopic stimulus location are both represented in human visual cortex. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging‚ we measured separately for each of several different gaze positions cortical responses to stimuli that varied periodically in retinal locus. Visually evoked responses were periodic following the periodic retinotopic stimulation. Only the response amplitudes depended on eye position; response phases were indistinguishable across eye positions. We used multivoxel pattern analysis to decode eye position from the spatial pattern of response amplitudes. The decoder reliably discriminated eye position in five of the early visual cortical areas by taking advantage of a spatially heterogeneous eye position-dependent modulation of cortical activity. We conclude that responses in retinotopically organized visual cortical areas are modulated by gain fields qualitatively similar to those previously observed neurophysiologically.

@article{merriam2013modulation, title = {Modulation of {Visual} {Responses} by {Gaze} {Direction} in {Human} {Visual} {Cortex}}, volume = {33}, issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401}, url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0500-12.2013}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0500-12.2013}, language = {en}, number = {24}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Merriam, E. P. and Gardner, J. L. and Movshon, J. A. and Heeger, D. J.}, month = jun, year = {2013}, pages = {9879--9889}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0500-12.2013| issn = 0270-6474, 1529-2401| volume = 33| issue = 24| pages = 9879–9889| last1 = Merriam| first1 = E. P.| last2 = Gardner| first2 = J. L.| last3 = Movshon| first3 = J. A.| last4 = Heeger| first4 = D. J.| title = Modulation of Visual Responses by Gaze Direction in Human Visual Cortex| journal = Journal of Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2013-06-12| url = http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0500-12.2013}}

Yuval-Greenberg, S., & Heeger, D. J. (2013). Continuous Flash Suppression Modulates Cortical Activity in Early Visual Cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(23), 9635–9643. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4612-12.2013

Journal of Neuroscience

Purpose: A salient visual stimulus can be rendered invisible by presenting it to one eye while flashing a mask to the other eye. This procedure‚ called continuous flash suppression (CFS)‚ has been proposed as an ideal way of studying awareness as it can make a stimulus imperceptible for extended periods of time without changing its physical properties. CFS has been extensively used to study visual awareness using behavioral measurements‚ functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ‚ and electrophysiology. Previous studies reported robust suppression of activity in higher visual areas during CFS ‚ but the role of primary visual cortex (V1) is controversial. Here‚ we resolve this controversy on the role of V1 in CFS‚ and offer an explanation of the computational processes underlying CFS. Methods: We measured activity in human V1 using fMRI while subjects viewed CFS stimuli composed of a mask and a target (low‚ medium or high contrast)‚ presented to the same eye (always visible) or to different eyes (invisible for the low contrast). Each subject participated in multiple fMRI scanning sessions to ensure sufficient statistical power. Results: Functional MRI responses in early visual cortex were smaller when target and mask were in different eyes compared to the same eye‚ not only for the lowest contrast target rendered invisible by CFS‚ but also for higher contrast targets which were visible even when presented to the eye opposite the mask. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CFS is a form of perceptual masking‚ for which the presence of a mask suppresses activity evoked by the target ‚ and that the suppression is stronger when mask and target are presented to different eyes. We propose that CFS impacts awareness by modulating the gain of neural responses to the target‚ at an early stage of visual processing‚ akin to reducing target contrast.

@article{yuval-greenberg2013continuous, title = {Continuous {Flash} {Suppression} {Modulates} {Cortical} {Activity} in {Early} {Visual} {Cortex}}, volume = {33}, issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401}, url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4612-12.2013}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4612-12.2013}, language = {en}, number = {23}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Yuval-Greenberg, S. and Heeger, D. J.}, month = jun, year = {2013}, pages = {9635--9643}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4612-12.2013| issn = 0270-6474, 1529-2401| volume = 33| issue = 23| pages = 9635–9643| last1 = Yuval-Greenberg| first1 = S.| last2 = Heeger| first2 = D. J.| title = Continuous Flash Suppression Modulates Cortical Activity in Early Visual Cortex| journal = Journal of Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2013-06-05| url = http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4612-12.2013}}

Koyama, M. S., Di Martino, A., Kelly, C., Jutagir, D. R., Sunshine, J., Schwartz, S. J., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2013). Cortical Signatures of Dyslexia and Remediation: An Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Approach. PLoS ONE, 8(2), e55454. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055454

PLoS ONE

This observational‚ cross-sectional study investigates cortical signatures of developmental dyslexia‚ particularly from the perspective of behavioral remediation. We employed resting-state fMRI‚ and compared intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) patterns of known reading regions (seeds) among three dyslexia groups characterized by (a) no remediation (current reading and spelling deficits)‚ (b) partial remediation (only reading deficit remediated)‚ and (c) full remediation (both reading and spelling deficits remediated)‚ and a group of age- and IQ-matched typically developing children (TDC) (total N = 44‚ age range = 7-15 years). We observed significant group differences in iFC of two seeds located in the left posterior reading network - left intraparietal sulcus (L.IPS) and left fusiform gyrus (L.FFG). Specifically‚ iFC between L.IPS and left middle frontal gyrus was significantly weaker in all dyslexia groups‚ irrespective of remediation status/literacy competence‚ suggesting that persistent dysfunction in the fronto-parietal attention network characterizes dyslexia. Additionally‚ relative to both TDC and the no remediation group‚ the remediation groups exhibited stronger iFC between L.FFG and right middle occipital gyrus (R.MOG). The full remediation group also exhibited stronger negative iFC between the same L.FFG seed and right medial prefrontal cortex (R.MPFC)‚ a core region of the default network These results suggest that behavioral remediation may be associated with compensatory changes anchored in L.FFG‚ which reflect atypically stronger coupling between posterior visual regions (L.FFG-R.MOG) and greater functional segregation between task-positive and task-negative regions (L.FFG-R.MPFC). These findings were bolstered by significant relationships between the strength of the identified functional connections and literacy scores. We conclude that examining iFC can reveal cortical signatures of dyslexia with particular promise for monitoring neural changes associated with behavioral remediation.

@article{koyama2013cortical, title = {Cortical {Signatures} of {Dyslexia} and {Remediation}: {An} {Intrinsic} {Functional} {Connectivity} {Approach}}, volume = {8}, issn = {1932-6203}, shorttitle = {Cortical {Signatures} of {Dyslexia} and {Remediation}}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055454}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0055454}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, author = {Koyama, Maki S. and Di Martino, Adriana and Kelly, Clare and Jutagir, Devika R. and Sunshine, Jessica and Schwartz, Susan J. and Castellanos, Francisco X. and Milham, Michael P.}, editor = {Zhang, Nanyin}, month = feb, year = {2013}, pages = {e55454}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0055454| issn = 1932-6203| volume = 8| issue = 2| pages = –55454| last1 = Koyama| first1 = Maki S.| last2 = Di Martino| first2 = Adriana| last3 = Kelly| first3 = Clare| last4 = Jutagir| first4 = Devika R.| last5 = Sunshine| first5 = Jessica| last6 = Schwartz| first6 = Susan J.| last7 = Castellanos| first7 = Francisco X.| last8 = Milham| first8 = Michael P.| others = Nanyin Zhang (ed.)| title = Cortical Signatures of Dyslexia and Remediation: An Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Approach| journal = PLoS ONE| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2013-02-11| url = https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055454}}

Zion Golumbic, E., Cogan, G. B., Schroeder, C. E., & Poeppel, D. (2013). Visual Input Enhances Selective Speech Envelope Tracking in Auditory Cortex at a “Cocktail Party.” Journal of Neuroscience, 33(4), 1417–1426. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3675-12.2013

Journal of Neuroscience

Our ability to selectively attend to one auditory signal amid competing input streams‚ epitomized by the "Cocktail Party" problem‚ continues to stimulate research from various approaches. How this demanding perceptual feat is achieved from a neural systems perspective remains unclear and controversial. It is well established that neural responses to attended stimuli are enhanced compared with responses to ignored ones‚ but responses to ignored stimuli are nonetheless highly significant‚ leading to interference in performance. We investigated whether congruent visual input of an attended speaker enhances cortical selectivity in auditory cortex‚ leading to diminished representation of ignored stimuli. We recorded magnetoencephalographic signals from human participants as they attended to segments of natural continuous speech. Using two complementary methods of quantifying the neural response to speech‚ we found that viewing a speaker’s face enhances the capacity of auditory cortex to track the temporal speech envelope of that speaker. This mechanism was most effective in a Cocktail Party setting‚ promoting preferential tracking of the attended speaker‚ whereas without visual input no significant attentional modulation was observed. These neurophysiological results underscore the importance of visual input in resolving perceptual ambiguity in a noisy environment. Since visual cues in speech precede the associated auditory signals‚ they likely serve a predictive role in facilitating auditory processing of speech‚ perhaps by directing attentional resources to appropriate points in time when to-be-attended acoustic input is expected to arrive.

@article{zion_golumbic_visual_2013, title = {Visual {Input} {Enhances} {Selective} {Speech} {Envelope} {Tracking} in {Auditory} {Cortex} at a "{Cocktail} {Party}"}, volume = {33}, issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401}, url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3675-12.2013}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3675-12.2013}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Zion Golumbic, E. and Cogan, G. B. and Schroeder, C. E. and Poeppel, D.}, month = jan, year = {2013}, pages = {1417--1426}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3675-12.2013| issn = 0270-6474, 1529-2401| volume = 33| issue = 4| pages = 1417–1426| last1 = Zion Golumbic| first1 = E.| last2 = Cogan| first2 = G. B.| last3 = Schroeder| first3 = C. E.| last4 = Poeppel| first4 = D.| title = Visual Input Enhances Selective Speech Envelope Tracking in Auditory Cortex at a "Cocktail Party"| journal = Journal of Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2013-01-23| url = http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3675-12.2013}}

Mennes, M., Kelly, C., Colcombe, S., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2013). The Extrinsic and Intrinsic Functional Architectures of the Human Brain Are Not Equivalent. Cerebral Cortex, 23(1), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs010

Cerebral Cortex

The brain’s intrinsic functional architecture‚ revealed in correlated spontaneous activity‚ appears to constitute a faithful representation of its repertoire of evoked‚ extrinsic functional interactions. Here‚ using broad task contrasts to probe evoked patterns of coactivation‚ we demonstrate tight coupling between the brain’s intrinsic and extrinsic functional architectures for default and task-positive regions‚ but not for subcortical and limbic regions or for primary sensory and motor cortices. While strong correspondence likely reflects persistent or recurrent patterns of evoked coactivation‚ weak correspondence may exist for regions whose patterns of evoked functional interactions are more adaptive and context dependent. These findings were independent of task. For tight task contrasts (e.g.‚ incongruent vs. congruent trials)‚ evoked patterns of coactivation were unrelated to the intrinsic functional architecture‚ suggesting that high-level task demands are accommodated by context-specific modulations of functional interactions. We conclude that intrinsic approaches provide only a partial understanding of the brain’s functional architecture. Appreciating the full repertoire of dynamic neural responses will continue to require task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging approaches.

@article{mennes2013extrinsic, title = {The {Extrinsic} and {Intrinsic} {Functional} {Architectures} of the {Human} {Brain} {Are} {Not} {Equivalent}}, volume = {23}, issn = {1460-2199, 1047-3211}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/cercor/bhs010}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhs010}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, author = {Mennes, Maarten and Kelly, Clare and Colcombe, Stan and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Milham, Michael P.}, month = jan, year = {2013}, pages = {223--229}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cercor/bhs010| issn = 1460-2199, 1047-3211| volume = 23| issue = 1| pages = 223–229| last1 = Mennes| first1 = Maarten| last2 = Kelly| first2 = Clare| last3 = Colcombe| first3 = Stan| last4 = Castellanos| first4 = F. Xavier| last5 = Milham| first5 = Michael P.| title = The Extrinsic and Intrinsic Functional Architectures of the Human Brain Are Not Equivalent| journal = Cerebral Cortex| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2013-01| url = https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/cercor/bhs010}}

Zuo, X.-N., Xu, T., Jiang, L., Yang, Z., Cao, X.-Y., He, Y., Zang, Y.-F., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2013). Toward reliable characterization of functional homogeneity in the human brain: Preprocessing, scan duration, imaging resolution and computational space. NeuroImage, 65, 374–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.017

NeuroImage

While researchers have extensively characterized functional connectivity between brain regions‚ the characterization of functional homogeneity within a region of the brain connectome is in early stages of development. Several functional homogeneity measures were proposed previously‚ among which regional homogeneity (ReHo) was most widely used as a measure to characterize functional homogeneity of resting state fMRI (R-fMRI) signals within a small region (Zang et al.‚ 2004). Despite a burgeoning literature on ReHo in the field of neuroimaging brain disorders‚ its test-retest (TRT) reliability remains unestablished. Using two sets of public R-fMRI TRT data‚ we systematically evaluated the ReHo’s TRT reliability and further investigated the various factors influencing its reliability and found: 1) nuisance (head motion‚ white matter‚ and cerebrospinal fluid) correction of R-fMRI time series can significantly improve the TRT reliability of ReHo while additional removal of global brain signal reduces its reliability‚ 2) spatial smoothing of R-fMRI time series artificially enhances ReHo intensity and influences its reliability‚ 3) surface-based R-fMRI computation largely improves the TRT reliability of ReHo‚ 4) a scan duration of 5 min can achieve reliable estimates of ReHo‚ and 5) fast sampling rates of R-fMRI dramatically increase the reliability of ReHo. Inspired by these findings and seeking a highly reliable approach to exploratory analysis of the human functional connectome‚ we established an R-fMRI pipeline to conduct ReHo computations in both 3-dimensions (volume) and 2-dimensions (surface).

@article{zuo2013toward, title = {Toward reliable characterization of functional homogeneity in the human brain: {Preprocessing}, scan duration, imaging resolution and computational space}, volume = {65}, issn = {10538119}, shorttitle = {Toward reliable characterization of functional homogeneity in the human brain}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912010208}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.017}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {NeuroImage}, author = {Zuo, Xi-Nian and Xu, Ting and Jiang, Lili and Yang, Zhi and Cao, Xiao-Yan and He, Yong and Zang, Yu-Feng and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Milham, Michael P.}, month = jan, year = {2013}, pages = {374--386}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.017| issn = 10538119| volume = 65| pages = 374–386| last1 = Zuo| first1 = Xi-Nian| last2 = Xu| first2 = Ting| last3 = Jiang| first3 = Lili| last4 = Yang| first4 = Zhi| last5 = Cao| first5 = Xiao-Yan| last6 = He| first6 = Yong| last7 = Zang| first7 = Yu-Feng| last8 = Castellanos| first8 = F. Xavier| last9 = Milham| first9 = Michael P.| title = Toward reliable characterization of functional homogeneity in the human brain: Preprocessing, scan duration, imaging resolution and computational space| journal = NeuroImage| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2013-01| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912010208}}

2012

Mennes, M., Vega Potler, N., Kelly, C., Di Martino, A., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2012). Resting State Functional Connectivity Correlates of Inhibitory Control in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00083

Frontiers in Psychiatry

Front. Psychiatry

Motor inhibition is among the most commonly studied executive functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Imaging studies using probes of motor inhibition such as the stop signal task (SST) consistently demonstrate ADHD-related dysfunction within a right-hemisphere fronto-striatal network that includes inferior frontal gyrus and pre-supplementary motor area. Beyond findings of focal hypo- or hyper-function‚ emerging models of ADHD psychopathology highlight disease-related changes in functional interactions between network components. Resting state fMRI (R-fMRI) approaches have emerged as powerful tools for mapping such interactions (i.e.‚ resting state functional connectivity‚ RSFC)‚ and for relating behavioral and diagnostic variables to network properties. We used R-fMRI data collected from 17 typically developing controls (TDC) and 17 age-matched children with ADHD (aged 8-13 years) to identify neural correlates of SST performance measured outside the scanner. We examined two related inhibition indices: stop signal reaction time (SSRT)‚ indexing inhibitory speed‚ and stop signal delay (SSD)‚ indexing inhibitory success. Using 11 fronto-striatal seed regions-of-interest‚ we queried the brain for relationships between RSFC and each performance index‚ as well as for interactions with diagnostic status. Both SSRT and SSD exhibited connectivity-behavior relationships independent of diagnosis. At the same time‚ we found differential connectivity-behavior relationships in children with ADHD relative to TDC. Our results demonstrate the utility of RSFC approaches for assessing brain/behavior relationships‚ and for identifying pathology-related differences in the contributions of neural circuits to cognition and behavior.

@article{mennes2012resting, title = {Resting {State} {Functional} {Connectivity} {Correlates} of {Inhibitory} {Control} in {Children} with {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder}}, volume = {2}, issn = {1664-0640}, url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00083/abstract}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00083}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, author = {Mennes, Maarten and Vega Potler, Natan and Kelly, Clare and Di Martino, Adriana and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Milham, Michael P.}, year = {2012}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00083| issn = 1664-0640| volume = 2| last1 = Mennes| first1 = Maarten| last2 = Vega Potler| first2 = Natan| last3 = Kelly| first3 = Clare| last4 = Di Martino| first4 = Adriana| last5 = Castellanos| first5 = F. Xavier| last6 = Milham| first6 = Michael P.| title = Resting State Functional Connectivity Correlates of Inhibitory Control in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder| journal = Frontiers in Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2012| url = http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00083/abstract}}

Josipovic, Z., Dinstein, I., Weber, J., & Heeger, D. J. (2012). Influence of meditation on anti-correlated networks in the brain. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00183

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

Human experiences can be broadly divided into those that are external and related to interaction with the environment‚ and experiences that are internal and self-related. The cerebral cortex appears to be divided into two corresponding systems: an "extrinsic" system composed of brain areas that respond more to external stimuli and tasks and an "intrinsic" system composed of brain areas that respond less to external stimuli and tasks. These two broad brain systems seem to compete with each other‚ such that their activity levels over time is usually anti-correlated‚ even when subjects are "at rest" and not performing any task. This study used meditation as an experimental manipulation to test whether this competition (anti-correlation) can be modulated by cognitive strategy. Participants either fixated without meditation (fixation)‚ or engaged in non-dual awareness (NDA) or focused attention (FA) meditations. We computed inter-area correlations ("functional connectivity") between pairs of brain regions within each system‚ and between the entire extrinsic and intrinsic systems. Anti-correlation between extrinsic vs. intrinsic systems was stronger during FA meditation and weaker during NDA meditation in comparison to fixation (without mediation). However‚ correlation between areas within each system did not change across conditions. These results suggest that the anti-correlation found between extrinsic and intrinsic systems is not an immutable property of brain organization and that practicing different forms of meditation can modulate this gross functional organization in profoundly different ways.

@article{josipovic2012influence, title = {Influence of meditation on anti-correlated networks in the brain}, volume = {5}, issn = {1662-5161}, url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00183/abstract}, doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2011.00183}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, author = {Josipovic, Zoran and Dinstein, Ilan and Weber, Jochen and Heeger, David J.}, year = {2012}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00183| issn = 1662-5161| volume = 5| last1 = Josipovic| first1 = Zoran| last2 = Dinstein| first2 = Ilan| last3 = Weber| first3 = Jochen| last4 = Heeger| first4 = David J.| title = Influence of meditation on anti-correlated networks in the brain| journal = Frontiers in Human Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2012| url = http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00183/abstract}}

Hagan, M. A., Dean, H. L., & Pesaran, B. (2012). Spike-field activity in parietal area LIP during coordinated reach and saccade movements. Journal of Neurophysiology, 107(5), 1275–1290. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00867.2011

ISBN: 0022-3077 Publisher: American Physiological Society Bethesda, MD

Journal of neurophysiology

The posterior parietal cortex is situated between visual and motor areas and supports coordinated visually guided behavior. Area LIP in the intraparietal sulcus contains representations of visual space and has been extensively studied in the context of saccades. However‚ area LIP has not been studied during coordinated movements‚ so it is not known whether saccadic representations in area LIP are influenced by coordinated behavior. Here‚ we studied spiking and local field potential (LFP) activity in area LIP while subjects performed coordinated reaches and saccades or saccades alone to remembered target locations to test whether activity in area LIP is influenced by the presence of a coordinated reach. We find that coordination significantly changes the activity of individual neurons in area LIP‚ increasing or decreasing the firing rate when a reach is made with a saccade compared with when a saccade is made alone. Analyzing spike-field coherence demonstrates that area LIP neurons whose firing rate is suppressed during the coordinated task have activity temporally correlated with nearby LFP activity‚ which reflects the synaptic activity of populations of neurons. Area LIP neurons whose firing rate increases during the coordinated task do not show significant spike-field coherence. Furthermore‚ LFP power in area LIP is suppressed and does not increase when a coordinated reach is made with a saccade. These results demonstrate that area LIP neurons display different responses to coordinated reach and saccade movements‚ and that different spike rate responses are associated with different patterns of correlated activity. The population of neurons whose firing rate is suppressed is coherently active with local populations of LIP neurons. Overall‚ these results suggest that area LIP plays a role in coordinating visually guided actions through suppression of coherent patterns of saccade-related activity.

url

@article{hagan2012spike-field, title = {Spike-field activity in parietal area {LIP} during coordinated reach and saccade movements}, volume = {107}, doi = {10.1152/jn.00867.2011}, number = {5}, journal = {Journal of neurophysiology}, author = {Hagan, Maureen A. and Dean, Heather L. and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2012}, note = {ISBN: 0022-3077 Publisher: American Physiological Society Bethesda, MD}, pages = {1275--1290}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1152/jn.00867.2011| volume = 107| issue = 5| pages = 1275–1290| last1 = Hagan| first1 = Maureen A.| last2 = Dean| first2 = Heather L.| last3 = Pesaran| first3 = Bijan| title = Spike-field activity in parietal area LIP during coordinated reach and saccade movements| journal = Journal of neurophysiology| date = 2012}}

Brennan, J., Nir, Y., Hasson, U., Malach, R., Heeger, D. J., & Pylkkänen, L. (2012). Syntactic structure building in the anterior temporal lobe during natural story listening. Brain and Language, 120(2), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2010.04.002

ISBN: 0093-934X Publisher: Elsevier

Brain and language

The neural basis of syntax is a matter of substantial debate. In particular‚ the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)‚ or Broca’s area‚ has been prominently linked to syntactic processing‚ but the anterior temporal lobe has been reported to be activated instead of IFG when manipulating the presence of syntactic structure. These findings are difficult to reconcile because they rely on different laboratory tasks which tap into distinct computations‚ and may only indirectly relate to natural sentence processing. Here we assessed neural correlates of syntactic structure building in natural language comprehension‚ free from artificial task demands. Subjects passively listened to Alice in Wonderland during functional magnetic resonance imaging and we correlated brain activity with a word-by-word measure of the amount syntactic structure analyzed. Syntactic structure building correlated with activity in the left anterior temporal lobe‚ but there was no evidence for a correlation between syntactic structure building and activity in inferior frontal areas. Our results suggest that the anterior temporal lobe computes syntactic structure under natural conditions.

url

@article{brennan2012syntactic, title = {Syntactic structure building in the anterior temporal lobe during natural story listening}, volume = {120}, doi = {10.1016/j.bandl.2010.04.002}, number = {2}, journal = {Brain and language}, author = {Brennan, Jonathan and Nir, Yuval and Hasson, Uri and Malach, Rafael and Heeger, David J. and Pylkkänen, Liina}, year = {2012}, note = {ISBN: 0093-934X Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {163--173}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.bandl.2010.04.002| volume = 120| issue = 2| pages = 163–173| last1 = Brennan| first1 = Jonathan| last2 = Nir| first2 = Yuval| last3 = Hasson| first3 = Uri| last4 = Malach| first4 = Rafael| last5 = Heeger| first5 = David J.| last6 = Pylkkänen| first6 = Liina| title = Syntactic structure building in the anterior temporal lobe during natural story listening| journal = Brain and language| date = 2012}}

Overath, T., Zhang, Y., Sanes, D. H., & Poeppel, D. (2012). Sensitivity to temporal modulation rate and spectral bandwidth in the human auditory system: fMRI evidence. Journal of Neurophysiology, 107(8), 2042–2056. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00308.2011

ISBN: 0022-3077 Publisher: American Physiological Society Bethesda, MD

Journal of neurophysiology

Hierarchical models of auditory processing often posit that optimal stimuli‚ i.e.‚ those eliciting a maximal neural response‚ will increase in bandwidth and decrease in modulation rate as one ascends the auditory neuraxis. Here‚ we tested how bandwidth and modulation rate interact at several loci along the human central auditory pathway using functional MRI in a cardiac-gated‚ sparse acquisition design. Participants listened passively to both narrowband (NB) and broadband (BB) carriers (1/4- or 4-octave pink noise)‚ which were jittered about a mean sinusoidal amplitude modulation rate of 0‚ 3‚ 29‚ or 57 Hz. The jittering was introduced to minimize stimulus-specific adaptation. The results revealed a clear difference between spectral bandwidth and temporal modulation rate: sensitivity to bandwidth (BB > NB) decreased from subcortical structures to nonprimary auditory cortex‚ whereas sensitivity to slow modulation rates was largest in nonprimary auditory cortex and largely absent in subcortical structures. Furthermore‚ there was no parametric interaction between bandwidth and modulation rate. These results challenge simple hierarchical models‚ in that BB stimuli evoked stronger responses in primary auditory cortex (and subcortical structures) rather than nonprimary cortex. Furthermore‚ the strong preference for slow modulation rates in nonprimary cortex demonstrates the compelling global sensitivity of auditory cortex to modulation rates that are dominant in the principal signals that we process‚ e.g.‚ speech.

url

@article{overath2012sensitivity, title = {Sensitivity to temporal modulation rate and spectral bandwidth in the human auditory system: {fMRI} evidence}, volume = {107}, doi = {10.1152/jn.00308.2011}, number = {8}, journal = {Journal of neurophysiology}, author = {Overath, Tobias and Zhang, Yue and Sanes, Dan H. and Poeppel, David}, year = {2012}, note = {ISBN: 0022-3077 Publisher: American Physiological Society Bethesda, MD}, pages = {2042--2056}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1152/jn.00308.2011| volume = 107| issue = 8| pages = 2042–2056| last1 = Overath| first1 = Tobias| last2 = Zhang| first2 = Yue| last3 = Sanes| first3 = Dan H.| last4 = Poeppel| first4 = David| title = Sensitivity to temporal modulation rate and spectral bandwidth in the human auditory system: fMRI evidence| journal = Journal of neurophysiology| date = 2012}}

Dean, H. L., Hagan, M. A., & Pesaran, B. (2012). Only coherent spiking in posterior parietal cortex coordinates looking and reaching. Neuron, 73(4), 829–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.12.035

ISBN: 0896-6273 Publisher: Elsevier

Neuron

Here‚ we report that temporally patterned‚ coherent spiking activity in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) coordinates the timing of looking and reaching. Using a spike-field approach‚ we identify a population of parietal area LIP neurons that fire spikes coherently with 15 Hz beta-frequency LFP activity. The firing rate of coherently active neurons predicts the reaction times (RTs) of coordinated reach-saccade movements but not of saccades when made alone. Area LIP neurons that do not fire coherently do not predict RT of either movement type. Similar beta-band LFP activity is present in the parietal reach region but not nearby visual area V3d. This suggests that coherent spiking activity in PPC can control reaches and saccades together. We propose that the neural mechanism of coordination involves a shared representation that acts to slow or speed movements together.

url

@article{dean2012only, title = {Only coherent spiking in posterior parietal cortex coordinates looking and reaching}, volume = {73}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2011.12.035}, number = {4}, journal = {Neuron}, author = {Dean, Heather L. and Hagan, Maureen A. and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2012}, note = {ISBN: 0896-6273 Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {829--841}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.12.035| volume = 73| issue = 4| pages = 829–841| last1 = Dean| first1 = Heather L.| last2 = Hagan| first2 = Maureen A.| last3 = Pesaran| first3 = Bijan| title = Only coherent spiking in posterior parietal cortex coordinates looking and reaching| journal = Neuron| date = 2012}}

Putrino, D., Wong, Y. T., Vigeral, M., & Pesaran, B. (2012). Development of a closed-loop feedback system for real-time control of a high-dimensional Brain Machine Interface. 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 4567–4570. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346983

As the field of neural prosthetics advances‚ Brain Machine Interface (BMI) design requires the development of virtual prostheses that allow decoding algorithms to be tested for efficacy in a time- and cost-efficient manner. Using an x-ray and MRI-guided skeletal reconstruction‚ and a graphic artist’s rendering of an anatomically correct macaque upper limb‚ we created a virtual avatar capable of independent movement across 27 degrees-of-freedom (DOF). Using a custom software interface‚ we animated the avatar’s movements in real-time using kinematic data acquired from awake‚ behaving macaque subjects using a 16 camera motion capture system. Using this system‚ we demonstrate real-time‚ closed-loop control of up to 27 DOFs in a virtual prosthetic device. Thus‚ we describe a practical method of testing the efficacy of high-complexity BMI decoding algorithms without the expense of fabricating a physical prosthetic.

url

@inproceedings{putrino2012development, title = {Development of a closed-loop feedback system for real-time control of a high-dimensional {Brain} {Machine} {Interface}}, isbn = {1-4577-1787-5}, doi = {10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346983}, booktitle = {2012 {Annual} {International} {Conference} of the {IEEE} {Engineering} in {Medicine} and {Biology} {Society}}, publisher = {IEEE}, author = {Putrino, David and Wong, Yan T. and Vigeral, Mariana and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2012}, pages = {4567--4570}, }

{{Cite conference| publisher = IEEE| doi = 10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346983| isbn = 1-4577-1787-5| pages = 4567–4570| last1 = Putrino| first1 = David| last2 = Wong| first2 = Yan T.| last3 = Vigeral| first3 = Mariana| last4 = Pesaran| first4 = Bijan| title = Development of a closed-loop feedback system for real-time control of a high-dimensional Brain Machine Interface| booktitle = 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society| date = 2012}}

Wong, Y. T., Vigeral, M., Putrino, D., Pfau, D., Merel, J., Paninski, L., & Pesaran, B. (2012). Decoding arm and hand movements across layers of the macaque frontal cortices. 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1757–1760. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346289

A major goal for brain machine interfaces is to allow patients to control prosthetic devices with high degrees of independent movements. Such devices like robotic arms and hands require this high dimensionality of control to restore the full range of actions exhibited in natural movement. Current BMI strategies fall well short of this goal allowing the control of only a few degrees of freedom at a time. In this paper we present work towards the decoding of 27 joint angles from the shoulder‚ arm and hand as subjects perform reach and grasp movements. We also extend previous work in examining and optimizing the recording depth of electrodes to maximize the movement information that can be extracted from recorded neural signals.

url

@inproceedings{wong2012decoding, title = {Decoding arm and hand movements across layers of the macaque frontal cortices}, isbn = {1-4577-1787-5}, doi = {10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346289}, booktitle = {2012 {Annual} {International} {Conference} of the {IEEE} {Engineering} in {Medicine} and {Biology} {Society}}, publisher = {IEEE}, author = {Wong, Yan T. and Vigeral, Mariana and Putrino, David and Pfau, David and Merel, Josh and Paninski, Liam and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2012}, pages = {1757--1760}, }

{{Cite conference| publisher = IEEE| doi = 10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346289| isbn = 1-4577-1787-5| pages = 1757–1760| last1 = Wong| first1 = Yan T.| last2 = Vigeral| first2 = Mariana| last3 = Putrino| first3 = David| last4 = Pfau| first4 = David| last5 = Merel| first5 = Josh| last6 = Paninski| first6 = Liam| last7 = Pesaran| first7 = Bijan| title = Decoding arm and hand movements across layers of the macaque frontal cortices| booktitle = 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society| date = 2012}}

Jerde, T. A., Merriam, E. P., Riggall, A. C., Hedges, J. H., & Curtis, C. E. (2012). Prioritized Maps of Space in Human Frontoparietal Cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(48), 17382–17390. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3810-12.2012

Journal of Neuroscience

Priority maps are theorized to be composed of large populations of neurons organized topographically into a map of gaze-centered space whose activity spatially tags salient and behaviorally relevant information. Here‚ we identified four priority map candidates along human posterior intraparietal sulcus (IPS0–IPS3) and two along the precentral sulcus (PCS) that contained reliable retinotopically organized maps of contralateral visual space. Persistent activity increased from posterior-to-anterior IPS areas and from inferior-to-superior PCS areas during the maintenance of a working memory representation‚ the maintenance of covert attention‚ and the maintenance of a saccade plan. Moreover‚ decoders trained to predict the locations on one task (e.g.‚ working memory) cross-predicted the locations on other tasks (e.g.‚ attention) in superior PCS and IPS2‚ suggesting that these patterns of maintenance activity may be interchangeable across the tasks. Such properties make these two areas in frontal and parietal cortex viable priority map candidates.

@article{jerde2012prioritized, title = {Prioritized {Maps} of {Space} in {Human} {Frontoparietal} {Cortex}}, volume = {32}, issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401}, url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3810-12.2012}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3810-12.2012}, language = {en}, number = {48}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Jerde, T. A. and Merriam, E. P. and Riggall, A. C. and Hedges, J. H. and Curtis, C. E.}, month = nov, year = {2012}, pages = {17382--17390}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3810-12.2012| issn = 0270-6474, 1529-2401| volume = 32| issue = 48| pages = 17382–17390| last1 = Jerde| first1 = T. A.| last2 = Merriam| first2 = E. P.| last3 = Riggall| first3 = A. C.| last4 = Hedges| first4 = J. H.| last5 = Curtis| first5 = C. E.| title = Prioritized Maps of Space in Human Frontoparietal Cortex| journal = Journal of Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2012-11-28| url = http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3810-12.2012}}

Sato, J. R., Hoexter, M. Q., Castellanos, X. F., & Rohde, L. A. (2012). Abnormal Brain Connectivity Patterns in Adults with ADHD: A Coherence Study. PLoS ONE, 7(9), e45671. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045671

PLoS ONE

Studies based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the resting state have shown decreased functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and regions of the Default Mode Network (DMN) in adult patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) relative to subjects with typical development (TD). Most studies used Pearson correlation coefficients among the BOLD signals from different brain regions to quantify functional connectivity. Since the Pearson correlation analysis only provides a limited description of functional connectivity‚ we investigated functional connectivity between the dACC and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in three groups (adult patients with ADHD‚ n=21; TD age-matched subjects‚ n=21; young TD subjects‚ n=21) using a more comprehensive analytical approach - unsupervised machine learning using a one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM) that quantifies an abnormality index for each individual. The median abnormality index for patients with ADHD was greater than for TD age-matched subjects (p=0.014); the ADHD and young TD indices did not differ significantly (p=0.480); the median abnormality index of young TD was greater than that of TD age-matched subjects (p=0.016). Low frequencies below 0.05 Hz and around 0.20 Hz were the most relevant for discriminating between ADHD patients and TD age-matched controls and between the older and younger TD subjects. In addition‚ we validated our approach using the fMRI data of children publicly released by the ADHD-200 Competition‚ obtaining similar results. Our findings suggest that the abnormal coherence patterns observed in patients with ADHD in this study resemble the patterns observed in young typically developing subjects‚ which reinforces the hypothesis that ADHD is associated with brain maturation deficits.

@article{sato2012abnormal, title = {Abnormal {Brain} {Connectivity} {Patterns} in {Adults} with {ADHD}: {A} {Coherence} {Study}}, volume = {7}, issn = {1932-6203}, shorttitle = {Abnormal {Brain} {Connectivity} {Patterns} in {Adults} with {ADHD}}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045671}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0045671}, language = {en}, number = {9}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, author = {Sato, João Ricardo and Hoexter, Marcelo Queiroz and Castellanos, Xavier Francisco and Rohde, Luis A.}, editor = {Fan, Yong}, month = sep, year = {2012}, pages = {e45671}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0045671| issn = 1932-6203| volume = 7| issue = 9| pages = –45671| last1 = Sato| first1 = João Ricardo| last2 = Hoexter| first2 = Marcelo Queiroz| last3 = Castellanos| first3 = Xavier Francisco| last4 = Rohde| first4 = Luis A.| others = Yong Fan (ed.)| title = Abnormal Brain Connectivity Patterns in Adults with ADHD: A Coherence Study| journal = PLoS ONE| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2012-09-26| url = https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045671}}

Zuo, X.-N., Ehmke, R., Mennes, M., Imperati, D., Castellanos, F. X., Sporns, O., & Milham, M. P. (2012). Network Centrality in the Human Functional Connectome. Cerebral Cortex, 22(8), 1862–1875. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr269

Cerebral Cortex

The network architecture of functional connectivity within the human brain connectome is poorly understood at the voxel level. Here‚ using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 1003 healthy adults‚ we investigate a broad array of network centrality measures to provide novel insights into connectivity within the whole-brain functional network (i.e.‚ the functional connectome). We first assemble and visualize the voxel-wise (4 mm) functional connectome as a functional network. We then demonstrate that each centrality measure captures different aspects of connectivity‚ highlighting the importance of considering both global and local connectivity properties of the functional connectome. Beyond "detecting functional hubs‚" we treat centrality as measures of functional connectivity within the brain connectome and demonstrate their reliability and phenotypic correlates (i.e.‚ age and sex). Specifically‚ our analyses reveal age-related decreases in degree centrality‚ but not eigenvector centrality‚ within precuneus and posterior cingulate regions. This implies that while local or (direct) connectivity decreases with age‚ connections with hub-like regions within the brain remain stable with age at a global level. In sum‚ these findings demonstrate the nonredundancy of various centrality measures and raise questions regarding their underlying physiological mechanisms that may be relevant to the study of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.

@article{zuo2012network, title = {Network {Centrality} in the {Human} {Functional} {Connectome}}, volume = {22}, issn = {1460-2199, 1047-3211}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/cercor/bhr269}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhr269}, language = {en}, number = {8}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, author = {Zuo, Xi-Nian and Ehmke, Ross and Mennes, Maarten and Imperati, Davide and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Sporns, Olaf and Milham, Michael P.}, month = aug, year = {2012}, pages = {1862--1875}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/cercor/bhr269| issn = 1460-2199, 1047-3211| volume = 22| issue = 8| pages = 1862–1875| last1 = Zuo| first1 = Xi-Nian| last2 = Ehmke| first2 = Ross| last3 = Mennes| first3 = Maarten| last4 = Imperati| first4 = Davide| last5 = Castellanos| first5 = F. Xavier| last6 = Sporns| first6 = Olaf| last7 = Milham| first7 = Michael P.| title = Network Centrality in the Human Functional Connectome| journal = Cerebral Cortex| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2012-08| url = https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/cercor/bhr269}}

Cox, C. L., Uddin, L. Q., Di Martino, A., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P., & Kelly, C. (2012). The balance between feeling and knowing: affective and cognitive empathy are reflected in the brain’s intrinsic functional dynamics. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7(6), 727–737. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsr051

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

Affective empathy (AE) is distinguished clinically and neurally from cognitive empathy (CE). While AE is selectively disrupted in psychopathy‚ autism is associated with deficits in CE. Despite such dissociations‚ AE and CE together contribute to normal human empathic experience. A dimensional measure of individual differences in AE ’relative to’ CE captures this interaction and may reveal brain-behavior relationships beyond those detectable with AE and CE separately. Using resting-state fMRI and measures of empathy in healthy adults‚ we show that relative empathic ability (REA) is reflected in the brain’s intrinsic functional dynamics. Dominance of AE was associated with stronger functional connectivity among social-emotional regions (ventral anterior insula‚ orbitofrontal cortex‚ amygdala‚ perigenual anterior cingulate). Dominance of CE was related to stronger connectivity among areas implicated in interoception‚ autonomic monitoring and social-cognitive processing (brainstem‚ superior temporal sulcus‚ ventral anterior insula). These patterns were distinct from those observed with AE and CE separately. Finally‚ REA and the strength of several functional connections were associated with symptoms of psychopathology. These findings suggest that REA provides a dimensional index of empathic function and pathological tendencies in healthy adults‚ which are reflected in the intrinsic functional dynamics of neural systems associated with social and emotional cognition.

@article{cox2012balance, title = {The balance between feeling and knowing: affective and cognitive empathy are reflected in the brain's intrinsic functional dynamics}, volume = {7}, issn = {1749-5024, 1749-5016}, shorttitle = {The balance between feeling and knowing}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/scan/article/7/6/727/1645655}, doi = {10.1093/scan/nsr051}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience}, author = {Cox, Christine L. and Uddin, Lucina Q. and Di Martino, Adriana and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Milham, Michael P. and Kelly, Clare}, month = aug, year = {2012}, pages = {727--737}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/scan/nsr051| issn = 1749-5024, 1749-5016| volume = 7| issue = 6| pages = 727–737| last1 = Cox| first1 = Christine L.| last2 = Uddin| first2 = Lucina Q.| last3 = Di Martino| first3 = Adriana| last4 = Castellanos| first4 = F. Xavier| last5 = Milham| first5 = Michael P.| last6 = Kelly| first6 = Clare| title = The balance between feeling and knowing: affective and cognitive empathy are reflected in the brain's intrinsic functional dynamics| journal = Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2012-08-01| url = https://academic.oup.com/scan/article/7/6/727/1645655}}

Kelly, C., Toro, R., Di Martino, A., Cox, C. L., Bellec, P., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2012). A convergent functional architecture of the insula emerges across imaging modalities. NeuroImage, 61(4), 1129–1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.021

NeuroImage

Empirical evidence increasingly supports the hypothesis that patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) are sculpted by a history of evoked coactivation within distinct neuronal networks. This‚ together with evidence of strong correspondence among the networks defined by iFC and those delineated using a variety of other neuroimaging techniques‚ suggests a fundamental brain architecture detectable across multiple functional and structural imaging modalities. Here‚ we leverage this insight to examine the functional organization of the human insula. We parcellated the insula on the basis of three distinct neuroimaging modalities - task-evoked coactivation‚ intrinsic (i.e.‚ task-independent) functional connectivity‚ and gray matter structural covariance. Clustering of these three different covariance-based measures revealed a convergent elemental organization of the insula that likely reflects a fundamental brain architecture governing both brain structure and function at multiple spatial scales. While not constrained to be hierarchical‚ our parcellation revealed a pseudo-hierarchical‚ multiscale organization that was consistent with previous clustering and meta-analytic studies of the insula. Finally‚ meta-analytic examination of the cognitive and behavioral domains associated with each of the insular clusters obtained elucidated the broad functional dissociations likely underlying the topography observed. To facilitate future investigations of insula function across healthy and pathological states‚ the insular parcels have been made freely available for download via http://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org‚ along with the analytic scripts used to perform the parcellations.

@article{kelly2012convergent, title = {A convergent functional architecture of the insula emerges across imaging modalities}, volume = {61}, issn = {10538119}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912002947}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.021}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {NeuroImage}, author = {Kelly, Clare and Toro, Roberto and Di Martino, Adriana and Cox, Christine L. and Bellec, Pierre and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Milham, Michael P.}, month = jul, year = {2012}, pages = {1129--1142}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.021| issn = 10538119| volume = 61| issue = 4| pages = 1129–1142| last1 = Kelly| first1 = Clare| last2 = Toro| first2 = Roberto| last3 = Di Martino| first3 = Adriana| last4 = Cox| first4 = Christine L.| last5 = Bellec| first5 = Pierre| last6 = Castellanos| first6 = F. Xavier| last7 = Milham| first7 = Michael P.| title = A convergent functional architecture of the insula emerges across imaging modalities| journal = NeuroImage| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2012-07| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912002947}}

McGill, M. L., Devinsky, O., Kelly, C., Milham, M., Castellanos, F. X., Quinn, B. T., DuBois, J., Young, J. R., Carlson, C., French, J., Kuzniecky, R., Halgren, E., & Thesen, T. (2012). Default mode network abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 23(3), 353–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.01.013

Epilepsy & Behavior

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is associated with widespread cortical network abnormalities on electroencephalography. Resting state functional connectivity (RSFC)‚ based on fMRI‚ can assess the brain’s global functional organization and its disruption in clinical conditions. We compared RSFC associated with the ’default mode network’ (DMN) between people with IGE and healthy controls. Strength of functional connectivity within the DMN associated with seeds in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortices (MPFC) was compared between people with IGE and healthy controls and was correlated with seizure duration‚ age of seizure onset and age at scan. Those with IGE showed markedly reduced functional network connectivity between anterior and posterior cortical seed regions. Seizure duration positively correlates with RSFC between parahippocampal gyri and the PCC but negatively correlates with connectivity between the PCC and frontal lobe. The observed pattern of disruption provides evidence for integration- and segregation-type network abnormalities and supports aberrant network organization among people with IGE.

@article{mcgill2012default, title = {Default mode network abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsy}, volume = {23}, issn = {15255050}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1525505012000285}, doi = {10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.01.013}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Epilepsy \& Behavior}, author = {McGill, Megan L. and Devinsky, Orrin and Kelly, Clare and Milham, Michael and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Quinn, Brian T. and DuBois, Jonathan and Young, Jonathan R. and Carlson, Chad and French, Jacqueline and Kuzniecky, Ruben and Halgren, Eric and Thesen, Thomas}, month = mar, year = {2012}, pages = {353--359}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.01.013| issn = 15255050| volume = 23| issue = 3| pages = 353–359| last1 = McGill| first1 = Megan L.| last2 = Devinsky| first2 = Orrin| last3 = Kelly| first3 = Clare| last4 = Milham| first4 = Michael| last5 = Castellanos| first5 = F. Xavier| last6 = Quinn| first6 = Brian T.| last7 = DuBois| first7 = Jonathan| last8 = Young| first8 = Jonathan R.| last9 = Carlson| first9 = Chad| last10 = French| first10 = Jacqueline| last11 = Kuzniecky| first11 = Ruben| last12 = Halgren| first12 = Eric| last13 = Thesen| first13 = Thomas| title = Default mode network abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsy| journal = Epilepsy & Behavior| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2012-03| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1525505012000285}}

Chabernaud, C., Mennes, M., Kelly, C., Nooner, K., Di Martino, A., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2012). Dimensional Brain-Behavior Relationships in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 71(5), 434–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.013

Biological Psychiatry

Background: Emerging neuroscientific and genetic findings emphasize the dimensional rather than the categorical aspects of psychiatric disorders. However‚ the integration of dimensional approaches within the current categorical diagnostic framework remains unclear. Here‚ we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether dimensional measures of psychiatric symptomatology capture brain-behavior relationships unaccounted for by categorical diagnoses. Additionally‚ we examined whether dimensional brain-behavior relationships are modified by the presence of a categorically defined illness‚ attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected from 37 typically developing children (aged 10.2 ± 2; 21 female subjects) and 37 children meeting DSM-IV Text Revision criteria for ADHD (9.7 ± 2; 11 female subjects). Parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing and Internalizing scores served as dimensional measures in our analyses of default network (DN) resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). Results: Regardless of diagnosis‚ we observed several significant relationships between DN RSFC and both internalizing and externalizing scores. Increased internalizing scores were associated with stronger positive intra-DN RSFC‚ while increased externalizing scores were associated with reduced negative RSFC between DN and task-positive regions such as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Several of these brain-behavior relationships differed depending on the categorical presence of ADHD. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that while categorical diagnostic boundaries provide an inadequate basis for understanding the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders‚ psychiatric illness cannot be viewed simply as an extreme of typical neural or behavioral function. Efforts to understand the neural underpinnings of psychiatric illness should incorporate both categorical and dimensional clinical assessments.

@article{chabernaud2012dimensional, title = {Dimensional {Brain}-{Behavior} {Relationships} in {Children} with {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder}}, volume = {71}, issn = {00063223}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322311008195}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.013}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, author = {Chabernaud, Camille and Mennes, Maarten and Kelly, Clare and Nooner, Kate and Di Martino, Adriana and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Milham, Michael P.}, month = mar, year = {2012}, pages = {434--442}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.013| issn = 00063223| volume = 71| issue = 5| pages = 434–442| last1 = Chabernaud| first1 = Camille| last2 = Mennes| first2 = Maarten| last3 = Kelly| first3 = Clare| last4 = Nooner| first4 = Kate| last5 = Di Martino| first5 = Adriana| last6 = Castellanos| first6 = F. Xavier| last7 = Milham| first7 = Michael P.| title = Dimensional Brain-Behavior Relationships in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder| journal = Biological Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2012-03| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322311008195}}

2011

Hallum, L. E., Landy, M. S., & Heeger, D. J. (2011). Human primary visual cortex (V1) is selective for second-order spatial frequency. Journal of Neurophysiology, 105(5), 2121–2131. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01007.2010

ISBN: 0022-3077 Publisher: American Physiological Society Bethesda, MD

Journal of Neurophysiology

A variety of cues can differentiate objects from their surrounds. These include "first-order" cues such as luminance modulations and "second-order" cues involving modulations of orientation and contrast. Human sensitivity to first-order modulations is well described by a computational model involving spatially localized filters that are selective for orientation and spatial frequency (SF). It is widely held that first-order modulations are represented by the firing rates of simple and complex cells ("first-order" neurons) in primary visual cortex (V1) that‚ likewise‚ have spatially localized receptive fields that are selective for orientation- and SF. Human sensitivity to second-order modulations is well described by a filter-rectify-filter (FRF) model‚ with first- and second-order filters selective for orientation and SF. However‚ little is known about how neuronal activity in visual cortex represents second-order modulations. We tested the FRF model by using an functional (f)MRI-adaptation protocol to characterize the selectivity of activity in visual cortex to second-order‚ orientation-defined gratings of two different SFs. fMRI responses throughout early visual cortex exhibited selective adaptation to these stimuli. The low-SF grating was a more effective adapter than the high-SF grating‚ incompatible with the FRF model. To explain the results‚ we extended the FRF model by incorporating normalization‚ yielding a filter-rectify-normalize-filter model‚ in which normalization enhances selectivity for second-order SF but only for low spatial frequencies. We conclude that neurons in human visual cortex are selective for second-order SF‚ that normalization (surround suppression) contributes to this selectivity‚ and that the selectivity in higher visual areas is simply fed forward from V1.

url

@article{hallum2011human, title = {Human primary visual cortex ({V1}) is selective for second-order spatial frequency}, volume = {105}, doi = {10.1152/jn.01007.2010}, number = {5}, journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology}, author = {Hallum, Luke E. and Landy, Michael S. and Heeger, David J.}, year = {2011}, note = {ISBN: 0022-3077 Publisher: American Physiological Society Bethesda, MD}, pages = {2121--2131}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1152/jn.01007.2010| volume = 105| issue = 5| pages = 2121–2131| last1 = Hallum| first1 = Luke E.| last2 = Landy| first2 = Michael S.| last3 = Heeger| first3 = David J.| title = Human primary visual cortex (V1) is selective for second-order spatial frequency| journal = Journal of Neurophysiology| date = 2011}}

Markowitz, D. A., Wong, Y. T., Gray, C. M., & Pesaran, B. (2011). Optimizing the decoding of movement goals from local field potentials in macaque cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(50), 18412–18422. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4165-11.2011

ISBN: 0270-6474 Publisher: Soc Neuroscience

Journal of Neuroscience

The successful development of motor neuroprosthetic devices hinges on the ability to accurately and reliably decode signals from the brain. Motor neuroprostheses are widely investigated in behaving non-human primates‚ but technical constraints have limited progress in optimizing performance. In particular‚ the organization of movement-related neuronal activity across cortical layers remains poorly understood due‚ in part‚ to the widespread use of fixed-geometry multielectrode arrays. In this study‚ we use chronically implanted multielectrode arrays with individually movable electrodes to examine how the encoding of movement goals depends on cortical depth. In a series of recordings spanning several months‚ we varied the depth of each electrode in the prearcuate gyrus of frontal cortex in two monkeys as they performed memory-guided eye movements. We decode eye movement goals from local field potentials (LFPs) and multiunit spiking activity recorded across a range of depths up to 3 mm from the cortical surface. We show that both LFP and multiunit signals yield the highest decoding performance at superficial sites‚ within 0.5 mm of the cortical surface‚ while performance degrades substantially at sites deeper than 1 mm. We also analyze performance by varying bandpass filtering characteristics and simulating changes in microelectrode array channel count and density. The results indicate that the performance of LFP-based neuroprostheses strongly depends on recording configuration and that recording depth is a critical parameter limiting system performance.

url

@article{markowitz2011optimizing, title = {Optimizing the decoding of movement goals from local field potentials in macaque cortex}, volume = {31}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4165-11.2011}, number = {50}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Markowitz, David A. and Wong, Yan T. and Gray, Charles M. and Pesaran, Bijan}, year = {2011}, note = {ISBN: 0270-6474 Publisher: Soc Neuroscience}, pages = {18412--18422}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4165-11.2011| volume = 31| issue = 50| pages = 18412–18422| last1 = Markowitz| first1 = David A.| last2 = Wong| first2 = Yan T.| last3 = Gray| first3 = Charles M.| last4 = Pesaran| first4 = Bijan| title = Optimizing the decoding of movement goals from local field potentials in macaque cortex| journal = Journal of Neuroscience| date = 2011}}

Pestilli, F., Carrasco, M., Heeger, D. J., & Gardner, J. L. (2011). Attentional enhancement via selection and pooling of early sensory responses in human visual cortex. Neuron, 72(5), 832–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.025

ISBN: 0896-6273 Publisher: Elsevier

Neuron

The computational processes by which attention improves behavioral performance were characterized by measuring visual cortical activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging as humans performed a contrast-discrimination task with focal and distributed attention. Focal attention yielded robust improvements in behavioral performance accompanied by increases in cortical responses. Quantitative analysis revealed that if performance were limited only by the sensitivity of the measured sensory signals‚ the improvements in behavioral performance would have corresponded to an unrealistically large reduction in response variability. Instead‚ behavioral performance was well characterized by a pooling and selection process for which the largest sensory responses‚ those most strongly modulated by attention‚ dominated the perceptual decision. This characterization predicts that high-contrast distracters that evoke large responses should negatively impact behavioral performance. We tested and confirmed this prediction. We conclude that attention enhanced behavioral performance predominantly by enabling efficient selection of the behaviorally relevant sensory signals.

url

@article{pestilli2011attentional, title = {Attentional enhancement via selection and pooling of early sensory responses in human visual cortex}, volume = {72}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.025}, number = {5}, journal = {Neuron}, author = {Pestilli, Franco and Carrasco, Marisa and Heeger, David J. and Gardner, Justin L.}, year = {2011}, note = {ISBN: 0896-6273 Publisher: Elsevier}, pages = {832--846}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.025| volume = 72| issue = 5| pages = 832–846| last1 = Pestilli| first1 = Franco| last2 = Carrasco| first2 = Marisa| last3 = Heeger| first3 = David J.| last4 = Gardner| first4 = Justin L.| title = Attentional enhancement via selection and pooling of early sensory responses in human visual cortex| journal = Neuron| date = 2011}}

Freeman, J., Donner, T. H., & Heeger, D. J. (2011). Inter-area correlations in the ventral visual pathway reflect feature integration. Journal of Vision, 11(4), 15–15. https://doi.org/10.1167/11.4.15

ISBN: 1534-7362 Publisher: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology

Journal of vision

During object perception‚ the brain integrates simple features into representations of complex objects. A perceptual phenomenon known as visual crowding selectively interferes with this process. Here‚ we use crowding to characterize a neural correlate of feature integration. Cortical activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging‚ simultaneously in multiple areas of the ventral visual pathway (V1-V4 and the visual word form area‚ VWFA‚ which responds preferentially to familiar letters)‚ while human subjects viewed crowded and uncrowded letters. Temporal correlations between cortical areas were lower for crowded letters than for uncrowded letters‚ especially between V1 and VWFA. These differences in correlation were retinotopically specific‚ and persisted when attention was diverted from the letters. But correlation differences were not evident when we substituted the letters with grating patches that were not crowded under our stimulus conditions. We conclude that inter-area correlations reflect feature integration and are disrupted by crowding. We propose that crowding may perturb the transformations between neural representations along the ventral pathway that underlie the integration of features into objects.

url

@article{freeman2011inter-area, title = {Inter-area correlations in the ventral visual pathway reflect feature integration}, volume = {11}, doi = {10.1167/11.4.15}, number = {4}, journal = {Journal of vision}, author = {Freeman, Jeremy and Donner, Tobias H. and Heeger, David J.}, year = {2011}, note = {ISBN: 1534-7362 Publisher: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology}, pages = {15--15}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1167/11.4.15| volume = 11| issue = 4| pages = 15–15| last1 = Freeman| first1 = Jeremy| last2 = Donner| first2 = Tobias H.| last3 = Heeger| first3 = David J.| title = Inter-area correlations in the ventral visual pathway reflect feature integration| journal = Journal of vision| date = 2011}}

Brouwer, G. J., & Heeger, D. J. (2011). Cross-orientation suppression in human visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 106(5), 2108–2119. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00540.2011

ISBN: 0022-3077 Publisher: American Physiological Society Bethesda, MD

Journal of neurophysiology

Cross-orientation suppression was measured in human primary visual cortex (V1) to test the normalization model. Subjects viewed vertical target gratings (of varying contrasts) with or without a superimposed horizontal mask grating (fixed contrast). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure the activity in each of several hypothetical channels (corresponding to subpopulations of neurons) with different orientation tunings and fit these orientation-selective responses with the normalization model. For the V1 channel maximally tuned to the target orientation‚ responses increased with target contrast but were suppressed when the horizontal mask was added‚ evident as a shift in the contrast gain of this channel’s responses. For the channel maximally tuned to the mask orientation‚ a constant baseline response was evoked for all target contrasts when the mask was absent; responses decreased with increasing target contrast when the mask was present. The normalization model provided a good fit to the contrast-response functions with and without the mask. In a control experiment‚ the target and mask presentations were temporally interleaved‚ and we found no shift in contrast gain‚ i.e.‚ no evidence for suppression. We conclude that the normalization model can explain cross-orientation suppression in human visual cortex. The approach adopted here can be applied broadly to infer‚ simultaneously‚ the responses of several subpopulations of neurons in the human brain that span particular stimulus or feature spaces‚ and characterize their interactions. In addition‚ it allows us to investigate how stimuli are represented by the inferred activity of entire neural populations.

url

@article{brouwer2011cross-orientation, title = {Cross-orientation suppression in human visual cortex}, volume = {106}, doi = {10.1152/jn.00540.2011}, number = {5}, journal = {Journal of neurophysiology}, author = {Brouwer, Gijs Joost and Heeger, David J.}, year = {2011}, note = {ISBN: 0022-3077 Publisher: American Physiological Society Bethesda, MD}, pages = {2108--2119}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1152/jn.00540.2011| volume = 106| issue = 5| pages = 2108–2119| last1 = Brouwer| first1 = Gijs Joost| last2 = Heeger| first2 = David J.| title = Cross-orientation suppression in human visual cortex| journal = Journal of neurophysiology| date = 2011}}

Adelstein, J. S., Shehzad, Z., Mennes, M., DeYoung, C. G., Zuo, X.-N., Kelly, C., Margulies, D. S., Bloomfield, A., Gray, J. R., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2011). Personality Is Reflected in the Brain’s Intrinsic Functional Architecture. PLoS ONE, 6(11), e27633. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027633

PLoS ONE

Personality describes persistent human behavioral responses to broad classes of environmental stimuli. Investigating how personality traits are reflected in the brain’s functional architecture is challenging‚ in part due to the difficulty of designing appropriate task probes. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) can detect intrinsic activation patterns without relying on any specific task. Here we use RSFC to investigate the neural correlates of the five-factor personality domains. Based on seed regions placed within two cognitive and affective ‘hubs’ in the brain—the anterior cingulate and precuneus—each domain of personality predicted RSFC with a unique pattern of brain regions. These patterns corresponded with functional subdivisions responsible for cognitive and affective processing such as motivation‚ empathy and future-oriented thinking. Neuroticism and Extraversion‚ the two most widely studied of the five constructs‚ predicted connectivity between seed regions and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and lateral paralimbic regions‚ respectively. These areas are associated with emotional regulation‚ self-evaluation and reward‚ consistent with the trait qualities. Personality traits were mostly associated with functional connections that were inconsistently present across participants. This suggests that although a fundamental‚ core functional architecture is preserved across individuals‚ variable connections outside of that core encompass the inter-individual differences in personality that motivate diverse responses.

@article{adelstein2011personality, title = {Personality {Is} {Reflected} in the {Brain}'s {Intrinsic} {Functional} {Architecture}}, volume = {6}, issn = {1932-6203}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027633}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0027633}, language = {en}, number = {11}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, author = {Adelstein, Jonathan S. and Shehzad, Zarrar and Mennes, Maarten and DeYoung, Colin G. and Zuo, Xi-Nian and Kelly, Clare and Margulies, Daniel S. and Bloomfield, Aaron and Gray, Jeremy R. and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Milham, Michael P.}, editor = {Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell}, month = nov, year = {2011}, pages = {e27633}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0027633| issn = 1932-6203| volume = 6| issue = 11| pages = –27633| last1 = Adelstein| first1 = Jonathan S.| last2 = Shehzad| first2 = Zarrar| last3 = Mennes| first3 = Maarten| last4 = DeYoung| first4 = Colin G.| last5 = Zuo| first5 = Xi-Nian| last6 = Kelly| first6 = Clare| last7 = Margulies| first7 = Daniel S.| last8 = Bloomfield| first8 = Aaron| last9 = Gray| first9 = Jeremy R.| last10 = Castellanos| first10 = F. Xavier| last11 = Milham| first11 = Michael P.| others = Mitchell Valdes-Sosa (ed.)| title = Personality Is Reflected in the Brain's Intrinsic Functional Architecture| journal = PLoS ONE| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2011-11-30| url = https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027633}}

Proal, E. (2011). Brain Gray Matter Deficits at 33-Year Follow-up in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Established in Childhood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(11), 1122. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.117

Archives of General Psychiatry

Arch Gen Psychiatry

Context: Volumetric studies have reported relatively decreased cortical thickness and gray matter volumes in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) whose childhood status was retrospectively recalled. We present‚ to our knowledge‚ the first prospective study combining cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry in adults diagnosed as having ADHD in childhood. Objectives: To test whether adults with combined-type childhood ADHD exhibit cortical thinning and decreased gray matter in regions hypothesized to be related to ADHD and to test whether anatomic differences are associated with a current ADHD diagnosis‚ including persistent vs remitting ADHD. Design: Cross-sectional analysis embedded in a 33-year prospective follow-up at a mean age of 41.2 years. Setting: Research outpatient center. Participants: We recruited probands with ADHD from a cohort of 207 white boys aged 6 to 12 years. Male comparison participants (n = 178) were free of ADHD in childhood. We obtained magnetic resonance images in 59 probands and 80 comparison participants (28.5% and 44.9% of the original samples‚ respectively). Main outcome measures: Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry and vertexwise cortical thickness analyses. Results: The cortex was significantly thinner in ADHD probands than in comparison participants in the dorsal attentional network and limbic areas (false discovery rate < 0.05‚ corrected). In addition‚ gray matter was significantly decreased in probands in the right caudate‚ right thalamus‚ and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. Probands with persistent ADHD (n = 17) did not differ significantly from those with remitting ADHD (n = 26) (false discovery rate < 0.05). At uncorrected P < .05‚ individuals with remitting ADHD had thicker cortex relative to those with persistent ADHD in the medial occipital cortex‚ insula‚ parahippocampus‚ and prefrontal regions. Conclusions: Anatomic gray matter reductions are observable in adults with childhood ADHD‚ regardless of the current diagnosis. The most affected regions underpin top-down control of attention and regulation of emotion and motivation. Exploratory analyses suggest that diagnostic remission may result from compensatory maturation of prefrontal‚ cerebellar‚ and thalamic circuitry.

@article{proal2011brain, title = {Brain {Gray} {Matter} {Deficits} at 33-{Year} {Follow}-up in {Adults} {With} {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder} {Established} in {Childhood}}, volume = {68}, issn = {0003-990X}, url = {http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.117}, doi = {10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.117}, language = {en}, number = {11}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry}, author = {Proal, Erika}, month = nov, year = {2011}, pages = {1122}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.117| issn = 0003-990X| volume = 68| issue = 11| pages = 1122| last = Proal| first = Erika| title = Brain Gray Matter Deficits at 33-Year Follow-up in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Established in Childhood| journal = Archives of General Psychiatry| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2011-11-01| url = http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.117}}

Levy, D. J., & Glimcher, P. W. (2011). Comparing Apples and Oranges: Using Reward-Specific and Reward-General Subjective Value Representation in the Brain. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(41), 14693–14707. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2218-11.2011

Journal of Neuroscience

The ability of human subjects to choose between disparate kinds of rewards suggests that the neural circuits for valuing different reward types must converge. Economic theory suggests that these convergence points represent the subjective values (SVs) of different reward types on a common scale for comparison. To examine these hypotheses and to map the neural circuits for reward valuation we had food and water-deprived subjects make risky choices for money‚ food‚ and water both in and out of a brain scanner. We found that risk preferences across reward types were highly correlated; the level of risk aversion an individual showed when choosing among monetary lotteries predicted their risk aversion toward food and water. We also found that partially distinct neural networks represent the SVs of monetary and food rewards and that these distinct networks showed specific convergence points. The hypothalamic region mainly represented the SV for food‚ and the posterior cingulate cortex mainly represented the SV for money. In both the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and striatum there was a common area representing the SV of both reward types‚ but only the vmPFC significantly represented the SVs of money and food on a common scale appropriate for choice in our data set. A correlation analysis demonstrated interactions across money and food valuation areas and the common areas in the vmPFC and striatum. This may suggest that partially distinct valuation networks for different reward types converge on a unified valuation network‚ which enables a direct comparison between different reward types and hence guides valuation and choice.

@article{levy2011comparing, title = {Comparing {Apples} and {Oranges}: {Using} {Reward}-{Specific} and {Reward}-{General} {Subjective} {Value} {Representation} in the {Brain}}, volume = {31}, issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401}, shorttitle = {Comparing {Apples} and {Oranges}}, url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2218-11.2011}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2218-11.2011}, language = {en}, number = {41}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Levy, D. J. and Glimcher, P. W.}, month = oct, year = {2011}, pages = {14693--14707}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2218-11.2011| issn = 0270-6474, 1529-2401| volume = 31| issue = 41| pages = 14693–14707| last1 = Levy| first1 = D. J.| last2 = Glimcher| first2 = P. W.| title = Comparing Apples and Oranges: Using Reward-Specific and Reward-General Subjective Value Representation in the Brain| journal = Journal of Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2011-10-12| url = http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2218-11.2011}}

Imperati, D., Colcombe, S., Kelly, C., Di Martino, A., Zhou, J., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2011). Differential Development of Human Brain White Matter Tracts. PLoS ONE, 6(8), e23437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023437

PLoS ONE

Neuroscience is increasingly focusing on developmental factors related to human structural and functional connectivity. Unfortunately‚ to date‚ diffusion-based imaging approaches have only contributed modestly to these broad objectives‚ despite the promise of diffusion-based tractography. Here‚ we report a novel data-driven approach to detect similarities and differences among white matter tracts with respect to their developmental trajectories‚ using 64-direction diffusion tensor imaging. Specifically‚ using a cross-sectional sample comprising 144 healthy individuals (7 to 48 years old)‚ we applied k-means cluster analysis to separate white matter voxels based on their age-related trajectories of fractional anisotropy. Optimal solutions included 5-‚ 9- and 14-clusters. Our results recapitulate well-established tracts (e.g.‚ internal and external capsule‚ optic radiations‚ corpus callosum‚ cingulum bundle‚ cerebral peduncles) and subdivisions within tracts (e.g.‚ corpus callosum‚ internal capsule). For all but one tract identified‚ age-related trajectories were curvilinear (i.e.‚ inverted ‘U-shape’)‚ with age-related increases during childhood and adolescence followed by decreases in middle adulthood. Identification of peaks in the trajectories suggests that age-related losses in fractional anisotropy occur as early as 23 years of age‚ with mean onset at 30 years of age. Our findings demonstrate that data-driven analytic techniques may be fruitfully applied to extant diffusion tensor imaging datasets in normative and neuropsychiatric samples.

@article{imperati2011differential, title = {Differential {Development} of {Human} {Brain} {White} {Matter} {Tracts}}, volume = {6}, issn = {1932-6203}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023437}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0023437}, language = {en}, number = {8}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, author = {Imperati, Davide and Colcombe, Stan and Kelly, Clare and Di Martino, Adriana and Zhou, Juan and Castellanos, F. Xavier and Milham, Michael P.}, editor = {Valdes-Sosa, Pedro Antonio}, month = aug, year = {2011}, pages = {e23437}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0023437| issn = 1932-6203| volume = 6| issue = 8| pages = –23437| last1 = Imperati| first1 = Davide| last2 = Colcombe| first2 = Stan| last3 = Kelly| first3 = Clare| last4 = Di Martino| first4 = Adriana| last5 = Zhou| first5 = Juan| last6 = Castellanos| first6 = F. Xavier| last7 = Milham| first7 = Michael P.| others = Pedro Antonio Valdes-Sosa (ed.)| title = Differential Development of Human Brain White Matter Tracts| journal = PLoS ONE| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2011-08-31| url = https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023437}}

Cogan, G. B., & Poeppel, D. (2011). A mutual information analysis of neural coding of speech by low-frequency MEG phase information. Journal of Neurophysiology, 106(2), 554–563. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00075.2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

Recent work has implicated low-frequency (<20 Hz) neuronal phase information as important for both auditory (<10 Hz) and speech [theta (∼4–8 Hz)] perception. Activity on the timescale of theta corresponds linguistically to the average length of a syllable‚ suggesting that information within this range has consequences for segmentation of meaningful units of speech. Longer timescales that correspond to lower frequencies [delta (1–3 Hz)] also reflect important linguistic features—prosodic/suprasegmental—but it is unknown whether the patterns of activity in this range are similar to theta. We investigate low-frequency activity with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and mutual information (MI)‚ an analysis that has not yet been applied to noninvasive electrophysiological recordings. We find that during speech perception each frequency subband examined [delta (1–3 Hz)‚ theta low (3–5 Hz)‚ theta high (5–7 Hz)] processes independent information from the speech stream. This contrasts with hypotheses that either delta and theta reflect their corresponding linguistic levels of analysis or each band is part of a single holistic onset response that tracks global acoustic transitions in the speech stream. Single-trial template-based classifier results further validate this finding: information from each subband can be used to classify individual sentences‚ and classifier results that utilize the combination of frequency bands provide better results than single bands alone. Our results suggest that during speech perception low-frequency phase of the MEG signal corresponds to neither abstract linguistic units nor holistic evoked potentials but rather tracks different aspects of the input signal. This study also validates a new method of analysis for noninvasive electrophysiological recordings that can be used to formally characterize information content of neural responses and interactions between these responses. Furthermore‚ it bridges results from different levels of neurophysiological study: small-scale multiunit recordings and local field potentials and macroscopic magneto/electrophysiological noninvasive recordings.

@article{cogan2011mutual, title = {A mutual information analysis of neural coding of speech by low-frequency {MEG} phase information}, volume = {106}, issn = {0022-3077, 1522-1598}, url = {https://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/jn.00075.2011}, doi = {10.1152/jn.00075.2011}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology}, author = {Cogan, Gregory B. and Poeppel, David}, month = aug, year = {2011}, pages = {554--563}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1152/jn.00075.2011| issn = 0022-3077, 1522-1598| volume = 106| issue = 2| pages = 554–563| last1 = Cogan| first1 = Gregory B.| last2 = Poeppel| first2 = David| title = A mutual information analysis of neural coding of speech by low-frequency MEG phase information| journal = Journal of Neurophysiology| accessdate = 2021-02-19| date = 2011-08| url = https://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/jn.00075.2011}}

Jerde, T. A., Ikkai, A., & Curtis, C. E. (2011). The search for the neural mechanisms of the set size effect: Neural mechanisms of the set size effect. European Journal of Neuroscience, 33(11), 2028–2034. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07717.x

European Journal of Neuroscience

The set size effect in visual search refers to the linear increase in response time (RT) or decrease in accuracy as the number of distractors increases. Previous human and monkey studies have reported a correlation between set size and neural activity in the frontal eye field (FEF) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS). In a recent functional magnetic resonance imaging study‚ we did not observe a set size effect in the superior precentral sulcus (sPCS‚ thought to be the human homolog of the FEF) and IPS in an oculomotor visual search task (Ikkai et al.‚ 2011). Our task used placeholders in the search array‚ along with the target and distractors‚ in order to equate the amount of retinal stimulation for each set size. We here attempted to reconcile these differences with the results from a follow-up experiment in which the same oculomotor visual search task was used‚ but without placeholders. A strong behavioral set size effect was observed in both studies‚ with very similar saccadic RTs and slopes between RT and set size. However‚ a set size effect was now observed in the sPCS and IPS. We comment on this finding and discuss the role of these neural areas in visual search.

@article{jerde2011search, title = {The search for the neural mechanisms of the set size effect: {Neural} mechanisms of the set size effect}, volume = {33}, issn = {0953816X}, shorttitle = {The search for the neural mechanisms of the set size effect}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07717.x}, doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07717.x}, language = {en}, number = {11}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Jerde, Trenton A. and Ikkai, Akiko and Curtis, Clayton E.}, month = jun, year = {2011}, pages = {2028--2034}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07717.x| issn = 0953816X| volume = 33| issue = 11| pages = 2028–2034| last1 = Jerde| first1 = Trenton A.| last2 = Ikkai| first2 = Akiko| last3 = Curtis| first3 = Clayton E.| title = The search for the neural mechanisms of the set size effect: Neural mechanisms of the set size effect| journal = European Journal of Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2011-06| url = http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07717.x}}

Ikkai, A., Jerde, T. A., & Curtis, C. E. (2011). Perception and Action Selection Dissociate Human Ventral and Dorsal Cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(6), 1494–1506. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21499

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

We test theories about the functional organization of the human cortex by correlating brain activity with demands on perception versus action selection. Subjects covertly searched for a target among an array of 4‚ 8‚ or 12 items (perceptual manipulation) and then‚ depending on the color of the array‚ made a saccade toward‚ away from‚ or at a right angle from the target (action manipulation). First‚ choice response times increased linearly as the demands increased for each factor‚ and brain activity in several cortical areas increased with increasing choice response times. Second‚ we found a double dissociation in posterior cortex: Activity in ventral regions (occipito-temporal cortex) increased linearly with perceptual‚ but not action‚ selection demands; conversely‚ activity in dorsal regions (parietal cortex) increased linearly with action‚ but not perceptual‚ selection demands. This result provides the clearest support of the theory that posterior cortex is segregated into two distinct streams of visual processing for perception and action. Third‚ despite segregated anatomical projections from posterior ventral and dorsal streams to lateral pFC‚ we did not find evidence for a functional dissociation between perception and action selection in pFC. Increasing action‚ but not perceptual‚ selection demands evoked increased activation along both the dorsal and the ventral lateral pFC. Although most previous studies have focused on perceptual variables (e.g.‚ space vs. object)‚ these data suggest that understanding the computations underlying action selection will be key to understanding the functional organization of pFC.

@article{ikkai2011perception, title = {Perception and {Action} {Selection} {Dissociate} {Human} {Ventral} and {Dorsal} {Cortex}}, volume = {23}, issn = {0898-929X, 1530-8898}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/jocn/article/23/6/1494-1506/5120}, doi = {10.1162/jocn.2010.21499}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, author = {Ikkai, Akiko and Jerde, Trenton A. and Curtis, Clayton E.}, month = jun, year = {2011}, pages = {1494--1506}, }

{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1162/jocn.2010.21499| issn = 0898-929X, 1530-8898| volume = 23| issue = 6| pages = 1494–1506| last1 = Ikkai| first1 = Akiko| last2 = Jerde| first2 = Trenton A.| last3 = Curtis| first3 = Clayton E.| title = Perception and Action Selection Dissociate Human Ventral and Dorsal Cortex| journal = Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience| accessdate = 2021-03-16| date = 2011-06| url = https://direct.mit.edu/jocn/article/23/6/1494-1506/5120}}

Koyama, M. S., Di Martino, A., Zuo, X.-N., Kelly, C., Mennes, M., Jutagir, D. R., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2011). Resting-State Functional Connectivity Indexes Reading Competence in Children and Adults. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(23), 8617–8624. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4865-10.2011

Journal of Neuroscience

Task-based neuroimaging studies face the challenge of developing tasks capable of equivalently probing reading networks across different age groups. Resting-state fMRI‚ which requires no specific task‚ circumvents these difficulties. Here‚ in 25 children (8-14 years) and 25 adults (21-46 years)‚ we examined the extent to which individual differences in reading competence can be related to resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of regions implicated in reading. In both age groups‚ reading standard scores correlated positively with RSFC between the left precentral gyrus and other motor regions‚ and between Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. This suggests that‚ regardless of age group‚ stronger coupling among motor regions‚ as well as between language/speech regions‚ subserves better reading‚ presumably reflecting automatized articulation. We also observed divergent RSFC-behavior relationships in children and adults‚ particularly those anchored in the left fusiform gyrus (FFG) (the visual word form area). In adults‚ but not children‚ better reading performance was associated with stronger positive correlations between FFG and phonology-related regions (Broca’s area and the left inferior parietal lobule)‚ and with stronger negative relationships between FFG and regions of the "task-negative" default network. These results suggest that both positive RSFC (functional coupling) between reading regions and negative RSFC (functional segregation) between a reading region and default network regions are important for automatized reading‚ characteristic of adult readers. Together‚ our task-independent RSFC findings highlight the importance of appreciating developmental changes in the neural correlates of reading competence‚ and suggest that RSFC may serve to facilitate the identification of reading disorders in different age groups.

@article{koyama2011resting-state, title = {Resting-{State} {Functional} {Connectivity} {Indexes} {Reading} {Competence} in {Children} and {Adults}}, volume = {31}, issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401}, url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4865-10.2011}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4865-10.2011}, language = {en}, number = {23}, urldate = {2021-03-16}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, author = {Koyama, M. S. and Di Martino, A. and Zuo, X.-N. and Kelly, C. and Mennes, M. and Jutagir, D. R. and Castellanos, F. X. and Milham, M. P.}, month = jun, year = {2011}, pages = {8617--8624}, }